中国古代的天人观念与生态伦理——兼论王阳明“天地一体之仁”  

The idea of“Heaven and Human”in ancient China and the environmental ethics,with comments on Wang Yangming’s“Ren of the Unity between Heaven and Earth”

作　　者：张海燕 Haiyan Zhang

机构地区：[1]不详

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2020年第2期127-135,8,15,共11页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

摘　　要：人兼有自然属性与社会属性,是自然人与社会人的统一,如同汉语中的“人”字是由一撇一捺两画合成一样。而自然不仅指天然的自然,也指人化的自然。人与自然之间,你中有我,我中有你,二者的关系既是自然与自然的关系,也是人与人的关系。自然与人的关系是古往今来无数思想者探求的永恒话题,用太史公司马迁的话讲,叫“究天人之际”。当然,古之“天”不仅指自然界,还有宗教性。冯友兰指出,“天”字在上古有五义,曰物质之天、主宰之天、运命之天、自然之天和义理之天。Ancient Chinese had such ideas as“there is a unity among all the things between the Heaven and Earth”(tiandi wanwu yiti),“there are same ways and ethics between Heaven and Human”(tianren tongdao hede),“there are interactions between Heaven and Human”(tianren hugan hudong),“Nature’s nurture should be applauded”(zan tiandi zhi huayu),“be benevolent to people and love nature”(renmin er aiwu),and“human is the most precious in the world”(tiandi zhijian ren wei gui).The“Ren(benevolence)of the Unity between Heaven and Earth”(tiandi yiti zhi ren),a doctrine of Wang Yangming,a Confucianist in the Ming Dynasty,was the development of the earlier ideas.The traditional ideas with some elements of environmental ethics,look plain,but sound a bit novel today.They reveal some eternal truths for the humankind in the perspective of the East,and may be inspirational in the adjustments in the tensions and disorders between human and nature.

关 键 词：人化的自然 太史公 思想者 生态伦理 自然之天 究天人之际 天人观念 王阳明 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B82-058