注意缺陷多动障碍儿童强化敏感性的研究进展  

Research progress on the sensitivity of reinforcement in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder

作　　者：肖宏[1] 刘斌[1,2] 曹爱华 XIAO Hong;LIU Bin;CAO Ai-hua(Shandong University,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China;Department of Pediatrics,People's Hospital of Lanling County,Linyi,Shandong 277700,China;Department of Pediatrics,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan,Shandong 250012,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学,山东济南250100 [2]山东省兰陵县人民医院儿科,山东临沂277700 [3]山东大学齐鲁医院儿科,山东济南250012

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2020年第7期769-773,共5页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：山东大学人文社会科学青年团队项目(IFYT18037)。

摘　　要：注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童期常见的行为障碍之一,早期的疾病模型主要集中在反应抑制缺陷,近期人们开始关注ADHD的动机缺陷以及奖赏机制的异常,提出“强化敏感性”的改变可能是导致ADHD的一个重要原因。强化敏感性是指个体对外界刺激所表现出来的行为、情绪的变化趋势与范围大小,包括奖励敏感性及惩罚敏感性。其神经生物学基础是行为趋近系统(BAS),行为抑制系统(BIS)和对抗-逃离系统(FFFS)。并在此基础上形成了描述人格特征的强化敏感性理论。本文详细诠释了“强化敏感性”以及“强化敏感性理论”的概念,强化敏感性的心理测量和实验范式,ADHD儿童的强化敏感性特征,以及ADHD强化敏感性异常的疾病模型以期更好地解释ADHD的核心缺陷。Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is one of the most common behavioral disorders in childhood.Early neuropathological models mainly focused on inhibition deficit.Currently,attention has been paid to the motivation deficit and the rewarding mechanisms of ADHD.Based on this,it is suggested that the change of"sensitivity of reinforcement"may be an important reason of ADHD.The reinforcement sensitivity refers to the behavior which the change tendency and the range of the individual to the external stimulus,including reward sensitivity and penalty sensitivity.The neurobiological basis is the behavior approach system(BAS),the behavior inhibited system(BIS),and fight-flight-freeze system(FFFS).These three systems form the theory of reinforcement sensitivity to describe the character of personality.This review illustrates the concept of"sensitivity of reinforcement"and"the theory of reinforcement sensitivity",psychological measurement and experimental paradigm for sensitivity of reinforcement,the characteristics of sensitivity of reinforcement in ADHD children,and neuropathological models of altered sensitivity of reinforcement in ADHD in detail,thereby better explaining the core defects of ADHD.

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 强化敏感性 儿童 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]