互联网企业员工职业紧张状况及对健康的影响  

Situation of occupational stress and its effect on health of Internet employees

作　　者：刘晓曼[1] 王瑾[1] 王超[1] 任军[1] 李霜[1] LIU Xiao-man;WANG Jin;WANG Chao;REN Jun;LI Shuang(National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2020年第3期223-227,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生所中央财政项目(131031109000160008)。

摘　　要：目的了解互联网企业员工职业紧张状况及对健康的影响。方法采用横断面研究方法并应用工作付出-回报失衡量表、职业倦怠自评量表、职业性肌肉骨骼疾患量表及自我管理睡眠问卷对3省(市)35家互联网企业的4 355名员工进行问卷调查;同时运用多因素Logistic二元回归模型,分析职业紧张对职业倦怠、肌肉骨骼疾患及失眠的影响。结果 3 589名研究对象中职业紧张者1 220(34.0%)人,判定为职业倦怠者376(10.5%)人,有不同程度肌肉骨骼疾患者2 886(80.4%)人,有失眠症状者1 498(41.7%)人。年龄、不规律饮食习惯、患病、销售和客服岗位、长工时是职业紧张发生的危险因素,女性、月收入高、管理岗位是职业紧张发生的保护因素;职业紧张增加了职业倦怠、肌肉骨骼疾患及失眠的发生风险,OR值分别为9.513、1.584及1.509(P<0.05)。结论互联网企业员工职业紧张的发生率较高,由此也增加了职业倦怠、肌肉骨骼疾患及失眠的发生风险,可以通过增加月收入、倡导饮食规律、减少工作时长来降低职业紧张发生率,从而改善员工身心健康。Objective To investigate the level of occupational stress and its effect on employees of Internet companies.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 4355 employees of 35 Internet companies from three provinces(cities),using effort-reward imbalance(ER)scale,maslach burnout inventory-general survey(MBI-GS)scale,work-related musculoskeletal disorders scale and self managed sleep questionnaires,and the effects of occupational stress on job burn-out,musculoskeletal disorders and insomnia were also estimated by multivariable Logistic regression analysis.Results The re-sults showed that among these 3589 objects,1220(34.0%)had occupational stress,376(10.5%)had job burnout,2886(80.4%)had some degree of musculoskeletal disorders and 1498(41.7%)had insomnia.It also showed that age,ir-regular eating habits,illness,sales service and customer service,long working hours were the risk factors of occupational stress,while female,high monthly income,management position were the protective factors of occupational stress.Additionally,occupational stress might increase the risk of job burnout,musculoskeletal disorders and insomnia,the odds ratio(OR)were 9.513,1.584 and 1.509,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion The results suggested that occupational stress in Internet enterprises were higher,thereby increased the risk of occupational burnout,musculoskeletal disorders and insomnia;while increasing monthly income,advocating regular diet and reducing working hours might reduce the incidence of occupational stress,and improve physical and mental health of employees.

关 键 词：互联网企业 职业紧张 职业倦怠 职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs) 失眠 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]