基于仿真果园试验台的植保无人机施药雾滴飘移测试方法与试验  

Measuring method and experiment on spray drift of chemicals applied by UAV sprayer based on an artificial orchard test bench

作　　者：王昌陵 何雄奎 曾爱军[1,3] Andreas Herbst Supakorn Wongsuk[1,3] 乔白羽 赵铖 袁善奎 钟玲 Verena Overbeck Jane Bonds 杨苡 周国强 王轩 高万林 Wang Changling;He Xiongkui;Zeng Aijun;Andreas Herbst;Supakorn Wongsuk;Qiao Baiyu;Zhao Cheng;Yuan Shankui;Zhong Ling;Verena Overbeck;Jane Bonds;Yang Yi;Zhou Guoqiang;Wang Xuan;Gao Wanlin(Centre for Chemicals Application Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Information and Electrical Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute for Chemical Application Technology of JKI,Brunswick D-38104,Germany;Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Plant Protection and Inspection Bureau of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330096,China;Bonds Consulting Group LLC,Panama City 32408,USA;Beijing TT Aviation Technology Co.Ltd.,Beijing 102202,China;Quanfeng Aviation Plant Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Anyang 455001,China;SZ DJI Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518057,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学药械与施药技术研究中心,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院,北京100193 [3]中国农业大学理学院,北京100193 [4]德国联邦作物研究中心植保施药技术研究所(JKI-AT),布伦瑞克D-38104 [5]农业农村部农药检定所,北京100125 [6]江西省植保植检局,南昌330096 [7]邦德斯咨询有限公司,巴拿马城32408 [8]北方天途航空技术发展(北京)有限公司,北京102202 [9]安阳全丰航空植保科技有限公司,安阳455001 [10]深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司,深圳518057

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第13期56-66,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2017YFD02003);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31761133019);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2019M650907)。

摘　　要：植保无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)果树飞防植保作业中飞行高度较高并且采用低容量细小雾滴喷雾,飘移风险极高。但是,无人机果园施药雾滴飘移特性研究尚处于初步开展阶段,缺乏全方位综合测试方法以及对不同无人机机型和喷头类型的评价。该研究在前期研究基础上,提出一种基于仿真果园试验台的植保无人机果园施药雾滴飘移测试方法,设计并制作仿真葡萄园试验台和空中飘移收集装置,结合地面飘移收集装置和冠层沉积收集带,首次通过雾滴空间飘移指数ADX定量分析评价不同机型的喷雾过程中农药雾滴空间飘移特性,并采用田间近地飘移测试平台进行无人机喷雾飘移试验,使用荧光示踪法探究4种典型植保无人机(油动单旋翼、电动6旋翼及2种电动8旋翼无人机)分别搭载IDK 120-015空气射流喷头和TR 80-0067空心圆锥喷头喷雾作业的雾滴冠层沉积分布、地面飘移、近地飘移及空中飘移特性,进而对不同喷雾飘移测试收集装置进行评估。结果表明:在侧风速2.2~3.6 m/s,温度29.8~34.3℃,相对湿度10.7%~30.6%的环境条件下,IDK空气射流喷头在作业高度1.5 m、速度2.0 m/s参数下可显著降低无人机喷雾下风向飘移水平,优化沉积分布均匀性,提高农药雾滴利用率;4种机型飘移特性无显著差异,旋翼下洗气流产生的卷扬涡流是影响无人机喷雾飘移的重要因素;葡萄园喷雾作业缓冲区至少应设置为15 m;冠层沉积率越小(P<0.05,r<0)、沉积分布变异系数越高(P<0.01,r>0)、田间飘移平台平均均值飘移率和90%累积飘移距离越大(P<0.01,r>0)以及ADX值越大(P<0.01,r>0)均表明雾滴飘移风险越高,3种收集装置及其评价指标均可有效评估下风向飘移特性;植保无人机喷雾飘移率与下风向距离满足指数函数关系。研究结果以期为新型果树专用植保无人机研发、植保无人机果园作业喷雾飘移测试方法的标准制�In recent years,low-altitude and low-volume plant protection operations using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)sprayer developed rapidly in China with the advantages of high efficiency,labour saving,high safety,high terrain adaptability,high flexibility,water and chemicals saving,and high intelligence.With the UAV application technology in field crops is becoming more and more mature,aerial spraying operations in orchards are promising and in the ascendant,but a high risk of UAV spray drift is appearing due to high working height and fine droplets sprayed in slope orchards,highlighting the necessity of the study on the spray drift characteristics of UAV chemicals application for fruit trees.Therefore,based on previous research,a novel type of measuring method of spray drift for UAV chemicals application in orchard was proposed in this study and an artificial orchard test stand(vineyard)and 3 airborne drift frame collectors were designed and built,and a set of field drift test bench was firstly used to collect aerial spray drift droplets at different downwind distances,together with ground drift collectors and canopy deposition collectors.An airborne drift index(ADX)of UAV’s spray was initially applied for quantitative analysis to compare spray drift characteristics of different models of unmanned aircrafts and variable operation parameters.Fluorescence tracer Pyranine water solution was prepared at the concentration of 0.1%as the spray liquid.Four typical types of plant protection UAV(a single-rotor oil-powered helicopter,a 6-rotor motor drone and two models of 8-rotor motor drones)equipped with conventional hollow cone nozzle‘TR 80-0067’and air-induction anti-drift nozzle‘IDK 120-015’were tested in the artificial vineyard,and results of canopy deposition distribution,ground sediment drift,near-ground drift,and airborne drift were obtained and analysed,and different sampling collectors for spray drift were evaluated and compared.The results showed that:Under the environmental conditions that the nominal cros

关 键 词：无人机 试验 喷雾 下风向 空中飘移 地面飘移 测试方法 

分 类 号：S252.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]