高速列车U型橡胶外风挡结构模态有限元计算与试验分析  

Modal finite element calculation and test analysis on U-shaped rubber outer windshield structure of high speed train

作　　者：蔡鉴明[1,2] 张森 汪海燕 熊小慧[1,2] 唐明赞 CAI Jianming;ZHANG Sen;WANG Haiyan;XIONG Xiaohui;TANG Mingzan(School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track,Ministry of Education,Changsha 410075,China;CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.Ltd,Qingdao 266111,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [3]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2020年第7期1620-1629,共10页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：中南大学研究生调查研究项目(2018dcyj049);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFB1200506-03)。

摘　　要：随着旅客列车运行速度的提升,安装在车厢连接处的U型橡胶外风挡结构在列车空气动力作用下产生变形振动,当气动载荷的激励频率接近外风挡结构固有频率时易引起共振现象。为分析U型橡胶外风挡结构固有动态特性,利用模态有限元计算和试验相结合的方法,比较有限元模态计算中2种材料本构模型的区别,并研究模态试验激励点与响应点位置对U型橡胶外风挡结构模态参数的影响。研究结果表明:有限元模态分析时,网格单元层数过少导致计算结果刚度偏大;采用Mooney-Rivlin本构模型计算橡胶材料模态参数相对于线弹性更为合适;有限元模态分析所得结构振型可为模态试验响应点位置的选择提供指导。研究成果可为高速列车U型橡胶外风挡结构设计提供参考。With the increase of the passenger train running speed,the U-shaped rubber outer windshield structure is installed at the joint of the train produces deformation vibration under the aerodynamic force of the train.When the excitation frequency of the aerodynamic load is close to the natural frequency of the outer windshield structure,it is easy to cause resonance.In order to analyze the inherent dynamic characteristics of the U-shaped rubber outer windshield structure,using the modal finite element calculation and the test method,the difference between the two constitutive models in the finite element modal calculation was compared,and the influence of the modal test excitation point position and response point on the modal parameters of the U-shaped rubber outer windshield structure was studied.The results are as follows.According to the finite element modal analysis,the number of mesh element layers is too small,resulting in a large stiffness of the calculation results.Using the Mooney-Rivlin constitutive model to calculate the modal parameters of rubber materials is more suitable than linear elasticity model.Choices of the location of the modal test response points can be guided by the resulting structural shape from the finite element mode.The research results can provide reference for the design of U-shaped rubber outer windshield structure of high-speed train.

关 键 词：高速列车 外风挡 U型橡胶结构 模态有限元分析 模态试验分析 

分 类 号：U270.6[机械工程—车辆工程]