约纳斯论现代医疗的伦理边界  

Hans Jonas on Ethical Boundary of Modern Medical Treatment

作　　者：雒少锋 LUO Shaofeng(School of Marxism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学马克思主义学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第4期121-128,共8页Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目:“现象学中的‘身体’运动及其效应研究”(14BZX070)。

摘　　要：约纳斯提出责任伦理学后,将其应用到诸多领域,以期解决很多现实的问题。而在对医疗责任的讨论中,约纳斯以医生与病人之间如何面对死亡的问题为切入点,给出了医疗的两重伦理边界:一重是以生存作为医疗存在的边界,另一重则是以人作为医疗关切的边界。这两重伦理边界更深层的理论依据分别是为了人类生存的责任和为了人的理念的本体论责任,二者都属于约纳斯责任伦理学的核心观念。同时,借助责任感与责任原理关系的阐明,医疗的两重伦理边界的关联得到澄清,即存在边界先行显现,并构成了医疗关切的对象。总的来说,这两重伦理边界的提出都是针对医疗本身或者医生来说,因为责任伦理是一种非交互性的、建立在特定的伦理关系结构之中被预先设定的客观责任。医疗中医生和病人的关系就决定了医生应该承担责任,而不论其主观动机如何,因而这是一种新型的责任伦理。After proposing the ethics of responsibility,Jonas applied it to various fields in order to solve many problems encountered in real life.In the discussion of medical responsibility,Jonas takes the issue of how doctors and patients face death as the entry point,and comes up with two ethical boundaries of medical treatment:one is to take survival as the boundary of medical existence,and the other is to take human as the boundary of medical concern.The deeper theoretical basis of these two ethical boundaries is the responsibility for the existence of mankind and the ontological responsibility for the idea of man,both of which pertain to the core conception of Jonas’s ethics of responsibility.With the clarification of the relationship between the sense of responsibility and the principle of responsibility,the connection between the two boundaries of medical treatment has been clarified,with the boundary of existence prioritized as the object of medical concern.In general,these two ethical boundaries are proposed in terms of medical treatment or medical practitioners,because the ethics of responsibility is a non-reciprocal pre-defined objective responsibility within a particular ethical relationship.The relationship between doctors and patients in medical treatment determines that doctors should take responsibilities,regardless of their subjective motivation.Therefore,this is a new type of ethics of responsibility.

关 键 词：汉斯·约纳斯 医疗 死亡 责任伦理学 

分 类 号：B82-057[哲学宗教—伦理学]