孤独症谱系障碍者目光接触障碍的研究进展  

Research Progress of Eye Contact Disorder in Autistic Spectrum Disorders

作　　者：王静[1] 罗佳琦 荆伟[1] WANG Jing;LUO Jiaqi;JING Wei(Department of Education,Shaanxi NormalUniversity,Xi’an 710062)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学院,西安710062

出　　处：《现代特殊教育》2020年第8期39-45,共7页Modern Special Education

基　　金：2014年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“情境影响自闭症儿童运用眼睛注视线索习得词语的研究”(14YJC880024)。

摘　　要：目光接触是指沟通双方直视彼此眼睛并达成视线交汇的一种非言语交流行为。目前有三种分析孤独症谱系障碍者目光接触障碍产生原因的理论模型:快速通道调节器模型、沟通意图探测器模型,以及情绪唤醒模型。对已有比较孤独症谱系障碍者与正常被试在注视直视目光与斜视目光时的行为、生理及神经反应差异的实证研究结果的分析发现,已有三种模型都不能独立解释实验结果,均存在片面性。在今后的研究中,应同时运用多种实验技术手段,并呈现生态效度较高的实验刺激,澄清孤独症谱系障碍个体主动回避或被动忽视目光接触,并完善已有理论模型。Eye contact is a kind of nonverbal communication in which two look into each other’s eyes and make eyecontact.Currently,there are three theoretical models to analyze the causes of eye contact disorder in this group:fast-track regulator model,communication intention detector model and emotional arousal model.Researchers examined the causes of eye contact impairments in this group by comparing the participants’behavioral,physiological and neural responses to direct gaze and averted gaze.This paper analyzes the existing research evidence,finding that none of the three models can explain the experimental results independently and all of them are unilateral.In the future,high ecological validity experimental stimulus and a variety of experimental techniques should be used to clarify that ASD individuals actively avoid or passively ignore eye contact and to improve the existing theoretical model.

关 键 词：孤独症谱系 目光接触障碍 情绪唤醒模型 沟通意图探测器模型 快速通路调节器模型 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]