The Stagnant Export Upgrading in Northeast China:Evidence from Value-added Tax Reform  

作　　者：Yan Du Mengkai Yang Jing Li Yunong Li 

机构地区：[1]School of Public Finance and Taxation,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,China [2]School of International Business,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,China [3]School of International Trade and Economics,University of International Business and Economics,China

出　　处：《China & World Economy》2020年第4期101-126,共26页中国与世界经济（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71803159,71703130);Ministry of Education Project of Humanities and Social Sciences(No.19YJC790061);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JBK2007086).

摘　　要：China's 2004 value-added tax(VAT)pilot reform in the Northeast region,which changed the VAT from production type to consumption type,introduced a sizable tax credit for fixed investment in manufacturing industries,leading to more investment and higher productivity at firm level.This paper,however,uses difference-in-difference estimation and finds a negative structural effect;that is,the VAT pilot reform leads to a reduction in the export sophistication of Northeast cities relative to other cities in China,and the results hold for a battery of robustness checks.It is found that resources are reallocated towards less-sophisticated industries.As the products with higher export sophistication are more skill and research and development(R&D)intensive,the shortfalls of skilled labor and R&D spending hinder the upgrading process.With a new round of revitalization plans in the Northeast,policymakers should be cautious with similar structural effects and focus on increasing skilled labor supply and R&D investment.

关 键 词：EXPORT sophistication resource REALLOCATION VALUE-ADDED TAX reform 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]