东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡线粒体基因组序列测定与分析  

Analysis on Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of Tetraogallus himalayensis in East Pamir

作　　者：李静 潘建飞 何子璐 王玉涛 Li Jing;Pan Jianfei;He Zilu;Wang Yutao(College of Life and Geographic Sciences,Kashi University,Kashi,844000;Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Kashi,844000;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Livestock Research Institude,Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources,Institute of Animal Sciences,Beijing,100073;Kashi No.2 Middle School,Xinjiang,Kashi,844000)

机构地区：[1]喀什大学生命与地理科学学院,喀什844000 [2]新疆帕米尔高原生物资源与生态重点实验室,喀什844000 [3]中国农业科学院-国际家畜研究所畜禽牧草遗传资源联合实验室,北京100073 [4]新疆喀什第二中学,喀什844000

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2020年第5期1961-1971,共11页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU20141036);新疆维吾尔自治区科技创新团队建设项目(201-4751002)共同资助。

摘　　要：喜马拉雅雪鸡属国家二级保护动物,是生存海拔最高的鸡类,同时在维持生态平衡和鸟类高海拔适应性研究中具有重要的科研价值。本研究以东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡为研究对象,采用直接测序法,拼接组装获得该物种线粒体(mtDNA)全基因组序列,对mtDNA全序列进行注释和结构分析,并选择GenBank已提交的鸡形目鸟类mtDNA序列,利用邻接法构建系统发育树,为该物种的有效保护和开发利用提供分子水平的依据。结果表明:喜马拉雅雪鸡的mtDNA全长为16691 bp,基因种类、数量及排列顺序与鸟类线粒体基因典型排列顺序一致。基因组核苷酸含量为A:30.2%;T:23.9%;C:32.2%;G:13.8%;(A+T)含量(54%)略高于G+C(46%)含量,AT-skew为0.1167,有一定的碱基偏好。在本研究中,东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡起始密码子以ATG为主,终止密码子以TAA为主。预测了22个tRNA的二级结构,均能形成典型的三叶草结构,共有错配25处,以GU错配为主,喜马拉雅雪鸡tRNASer(UCN)基因比藏雪鸡的tRNASer(UCN)基因多出3个碱基;系统发育树构建表明雪鸡与鹌鹑关系最近,我们发现东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡与甘肃阿克塞自治县喜马拉雅雪鸡形成两个独立的进化支。T.himalayensis,a national second-class protected animal,survives in the highest altitude.It has an important scientific value in maintaining ecological balance and the adaptation of birds to high altitude.This study focuses on the T.himalayensis,and adopts direct sequencing method to get the whole genome sequencing of mtDNA.Through the annotation and structured analysis of mtDNA sequence and selecting the mtDNA sequence of Galliformes submitted by GenBank,phylogenetic tree figures of T.himalayensis is constructed using Neighbor-joining to provide the basis of the effective protection,explointation and utilization of the species at a molecular level.The results show that the full length of mtDNA in T.himalayensis is 16691 bp and the version,quantity and arrangement of genes are in accordance with the typical sequence of mitochondrial genes in birds.Genomic nucleotide contains A:30.2%;T:23.9%;C:32.2%;G:13.8%;and(A+T)54%is slightly above(G+C)48%,AT-skew is 0.1167,which shows that genomic nucleotide has a certain base perference.In the study,the initiation codon of Tetraogallus himalayensis is mainly ATG and the terminating codon is TAA.We predict secondary structure in 22 tRNA and all of them can form typical clover structure.Among the 22 tRNA,25 mismatch appear,especially GU mismatch,the tRNASer gene of T.himalayensis is 3 bases more than that of T.tibetanus.The phylogenetic tree construction shows that Tetraogallus is the most closely related to Cocurnix.We also find that T.himalayensis in Pamir plateau and Tetraogallus in Aksai Autonomous County of Gansu Province are two independent evolutionery branches.

关 键 词：喜马拉雅雪鸡 线粒体基因组 tRNA二级结构 系统进化 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]