黄淮南片小麦新品种表型特点及育种现状浅析  

Analysis on Phenotypic Characteristics and Current Breeding Situaition of New Wheat Varieties in The South Huang-huai Wheat Region

作　　者：李爱国 宋晓霞 吴春西 赵月强 张文斐 王改革 LI Aiguo;SONG Xiaoxia;WU Chunxi;ZHAO Yueqiang;ZHANG Wenfei;WANG Gaige(Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Luohe,He Nan 462300,China)

机构地区：[1]漯河市农业科学院,河南漯河462300

出　　处：《作物研究》2020年第4期368-373,383,共7页Crop Research

基　　金：漯河市农业科学院青年基金项目;国家农作物品种区域试验项目(2130106)。

摘　　要：本文根据2017-2018年度国家冬小麦黄淮南片比较试验结果,对参试品种的产量、品质性状、抗病性及亲本来源进行系统分析,总结当前黄淮南片小麦新品种的特点,以期为该区域小麦育种提供参考。结果表明:(1)188个参试品种平均产量为7080.0 kg/hm^2,产量结构为:有效穗数580.5万/hm^2,千粒重42.6 g,穗粒数31.6粒。与对照品种周麦18相比,参试品种全生育期延长0.3 d,株高增加0.4 cm,有效穗数增加25.5万/hm^2,千粒重降低0.8 g,穗粒数减少0.8粒。(2)参试品种的品质表现为,蛋白质含量14.3%,湿面筋含量28.6%,吸水率60.0%,稳定时间6.1 min,容重804.7 g/L,形成时间4.6 min,延伸性148.4 mm,弱化度96.6 FU.,出粉率69.8%。单项指标达到中强筋、强筋小麦标准的品种较多,但综合指标仅5个品种达到强筋小麦标准,12个品种达到中强筋小麦标准,其余161个均为中筋品种,没有弱筋品种。(3)在抗病性方面,呈现抗条锈病、叶锈病能力强,抗赤霉病、纹枯病能力差的特点。(4)当前的小麦育种仍以传统杂交为主,单交、复交选育品种占比94.7%。从地域分布看,河南育成品种最多。河南、安徽、陕西、江苏、山东和北京育成品种占比分别为59.0%、17.6%、8.0%、7.5%、4.8%、3.2%。从单位类型看,种子公司(99个,占比52.7%)比其他单位有更多品种参试。育种优势单位较为集中,育成品种数前20名的单位选育了91个新品种,占比48.7%。从亲本利用来看,68个品种利用了周麦(存麦)系列作亲本、21个品种利用了百农系列作亲本、16个品种利用了郑麦系列作亲本、13个品种利用了西农系列作亲本、11个品种利用了淮麦系列作亲本、10个品种利用了新麦系列作亲本、6个品种利用了山农系列作亲本、15个品种利用了其他系列品种作亲本。In order to provide references for wheat breeding,the yield,quality character,disease resistance traits and parent sources of the tested wheat varieties were analyzed based on the results of national winter wheat comparative test in the south of Huang-huai wheat region during 2017-2018. The results showed that:(1) The average yield of the 188 varieties was 7080.0 kg/hm^2,effective panicle was 580.5 spikes per hm^2,kilo-grain weight and kernels per spike were 42.6 g and 31.6 respectively. Compared with Zhoumai 18,the growth period was prolonged 0.3 d,the plant height was increased 0.4 cm,the spike was increased 255 000/hm^2,the 1000-grain weight was reduced 0.8 g,and the grains per spike were reduced 0.8.(2) The quality performance of the tested varieties was as follows:the protein content was 14.3%,the wet gluten content was 28.6%,the water absorption rate was 60.0%,the stable time was 6.1 min,the volume weight was 804.7 g/L,the formation time was 4.6 min,the extensibility was 148.4 mm,the weakening degree was 96.6 Fu.,and the flour yield rate was 69.8%. Many varieties achieved the standard of medium-strong gluten wheat in single trait,but only 5 varieties achieved strong gluten wheat standard,12 varieties achieved medium-strong gluten wheat standard,and the rest 161 varieties were medium gluten wheat without weak gluten wheat.(3) The varieties showed good resistance to stripe rust and leaf rust,while bad fusarium head blight and sharp eyespot resistance.(4) There were 178 varieties selected by traditional hybridization,accounting for 94.7%. In terms of regional distribution,there were 59.0%,17.6%,8.0%,7.5%,4.8%,and 3.2% varieties came from Henan,Anhui,Shaanxi,Jiangsu,Shandong and Beijing,respectively. In terms of the type of breeding institutions,seed companies bred more varieties than other institutions. 91 new varieties were bred by the top 20 breeding institutions,accounting for 48.7%. According to the characteristics of parents utilization,the tested varieties were divided into eight types:68 varieties origi

关 键 词：小麦 品种 表型特点 育种 黄淮南片 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]