洞穴蝙蝠粪堆积物在古环境研究中的应用  

Application of bat guano deposits in paleoenvironment research

作　　者：王曦谦 高永利 王甜莉 程鹏[1,4] 臧婧杰 Geary Schindel 李东 李云霞[3,6] 谭亮成 Wang Xiqian;Gao Yongli;Wang Tianli;Cheng Peng;Zang Jingjie;Geary Schindel;Li Dong;Li Yunxia;Tan Liangcheng(State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710061,Shaanxi;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Department of Geological Sciences,University of Texas at San Antonio,San Antonio 78249,USA;Xi'an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Center,Xi'an 710061,Shaanxi;Edwards Aquifer Authority,San Antonio 78215,USA;College of Resources and Environment Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,Hunan;Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710061,Shaanxi;Institute of Global Environmental Change,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球环境研究所,黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,陕西西安710061 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]Department of Geological Sciences,University of Texas at San Antonio,San Antonio 78249,USA [4]西安加速器质谱中心,陕西西安710061 [5]Edwards Aquifer Authority,San Antonio 78215,USA [6]湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,湖南长沙410081 [7]中国科学院第四纪科学与全球变化卓越研究中心,陕西西安710061 [8]西安交通大学全球环境变化研究院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2020年第4期1037-1047,共11页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(批准号:41991252);中国国家留学基金委项目(批准号:201504910210)共同资助。

摘　　要：蝙蝠粪堆积物是洞穴沉积物的一种,由蝙蝠排泄后在洞穴底部堆积而成.由于蝙蝠食物来源单一,以洞穴周边动植物为食,动植物受气候变化影响,并通过食物链进入蝙蝠粪,因此蝙蝠粪中包含有丰富的过去环境变化信息,其沉积序列可以用来进行古环境重建.蝙蝠粪在古环境研究中的优点在于蝙蝠粪在热带和亚热带地区沉积速率快,记录的环境信息多样,并可以通过加速器质谱14C定年获得高精度年代,是一种很好的环境记录载体.尽管从20世纪80年代开始,就有学者逐步关注蝙蝠粪研究,但当时各项指标所指示的意义不太明确,研究范围较为局限,随后研究开展得较少,关注度也不高.本文梳理了目前全球蝙蝠粪研究现状,讨论了蝙蝠粪中可以用来重建古环境的各种代用指标及其指示意义;最后,介绍了我们在美国得克萨斯州Devil's Sinkhole蝙蝠粪的初步研究结果,并对这一研究载体的未来发展方向进行展望.Bat guano is fecal excrement from bats.Guano accumulates beneath bat roost sites and is commonly found in attics,beneath bridges,and in caves where the large volumes can accumulate over time.Most bats forage for food near their roost sites and thick deposits of guano can record changes in climate that affect food sources.Guano contains a rich information source of paleoenvironment changes and the sedimentary sequence,which can be used to reconstruct the paleoenvironment.This paper reviews the current status of bat guano research worldwide and discusses various proxies and their significance for use in reconstructing paleoenvironments.Since the 1980s,scientists noticed the potential of bat guano in paleoenvironment studies.So far,the studying regions of bat guano mainly located in southwestern Romania,southwestern United States,and southeast Asia.The currently applied geochemical proxies of bat guano in the paleoenvironment are isotopes,such as carbon,nitrogen,and hydrogen isotopes,and elements such as copper,lead,and cadmium.The organic carbon in bat guano is from phytophagous insects.As a result,carbon isotope could reflect regional vegetation changes,which are controlled by climate.The main source of nitrogen in bat guano is the inorganic nitrogen storage in soil.The opening and closing of the nitrogen cycle in soil could affect theδ15 N values of bat guano,so it can indicate the regional nitrogen circulation process.Deuterium in bat guano inherits from the natural water body,which comes into bat guano through the food chain.So,it can reflect the metabolism processes of the insect bat eaten,the evaporation and other isotopic fractionation processes during precipitation.The heavy metals in bat guano come from cave bedrock and the overlying soil,and some also resulted from human activities.As a result,they can record the changes in the guano deposition rate and local environmental pollution.For example,Wurster et al.(2010)measured the element ratios,δ13C,δ15 N andδD of the bat guano deposits in Bat Cave from

关 键 词：洞穴蝙蝠粪 代用指标 古环境 古气候 Devil's Sinkhole 

分 类 号：P593[天文地球—地球化学]