仰韶文化人面鱼纹寓意与足太阳经功能相关理论渊源四探  

Theoretical Origins of Human Face Fish Pattern in Yangshao Culture and Function of the Foot Taiyang Meridian

作　　者：李建宇 蔡昱 宋雪艾 LI Jianyu;CAI Yu;SONG Xueai(The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital,Beijing China 100039)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心,北京100039

出　　处：《中医学报》2020年第8期1609-1615,共7页Acta Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家科技重大专项项目(2017ZX09301022)。

摘　　要：古人对于天地结构的认识有"大气举地"和"大地载于水"等,这都源于元气学说,是对元气与水相辅相成、密不可分认识的两个方面。在人体,与载地之"水"相参的是"通"于天气、五行属水、又为诸水之"经"行于背部的足太阳经,这符合《黄帝内经》"三阳为经"的观点;而《黄帝内经》对"三阳为经"之载地般的功能离不开三焦"导气"功能来相辅相成的认识,正是"元气与水密不可分"观念的反映。这些观念还体现在《黄帝内经》的"太一行九宫"说以及运气学说的"司天""在泉"概念中。追本溯源,由于仰韶文化人面鱼纹盆已经蕴含有"八方"之观念,且人面鱼纹盆之鱼尾鳍有"借风使舵"一样使鱼体浮于水中的作用,而足太阳经"三阳为经"功能之寓意源于此,故仰韶文化彩陶盆人面头后上翘之鱼尾鳍寓意为《黄帝内经》对足太阳经有载地般功能认识之滥觞。The ancients′ understanding of the structure of heaven and earth includes "atmosphere lifting the earth" and "the earth is lifted by water",etc.This is derived from the theory of Yuan Qi,and they are the two aspects of the complementary and inseparable understanding of Yuan Qi and water.In human body,what is related to the "water lifting the ground" is the Foot Taiyang meridian that "communicates with" the Heaven Qi,belongs to the water the five elements,and travel on the back of the foot as the "route" of the all waters in human.This is consistent with the "Sanyang is the route in Huang Di Nei Jing.In addition,this function is is inseparable from the " Qi loading " function of the Three Burner,which is just the reflection of the concept of " Yuan Qi and water existing with each other ".These concepts are also embodied in the " Tai Yi runs Nine Palaces " theory in Huang Di Nei Jing as well as the " Si Tian " and Zai Quan" concepts in Yun Qi theory.Tracing back to the source,because the human face fish pattern basin in Yangshao Culture already contains the concept of "eight directions",and the fish tail fin of the human face fish pattern basin has the effect of "moving the rudder by using the wind" to float the fish body in the water,and the implied meaning of the function of "Sanyang is the route" just originated from this,the fish tail fins of the Yangshao Culture colored pottery basins with their faces upturned are the origin of the understanding of the load-bearing functions of the Foot Taiyang in Huang Di Nei Jing.

关 键 词：仰韶文化 人面鱼纹彩陶盆 《黄帝内经》 运气学说 太一 元气 “干栏”式建筑 昆仑 州都之官 正月太阳寅 三阳为经 “太一行九宫” 司天 在泉 

分 类 号：R221[医药卫生—中医基础理论]