2016-2018年广州市郊区中小学生营养状况及流行趋势分析  

Prevalence and epidemiologic trends of nutritional status among schoolaged children from 2016 to 2018 in the suburb of Guangzhou

作　　者：黄婕[1] 张齐光 李燕[1] 张维蔚[1] 王燕燕 刘于飞[1] 张玉华[1] 宋韶芳[1] HUANG Jie;ZHANG Qi-guang;LI Yan;ZHANG Wei-wei;WANG Yan-yan;LIU Yu-fei;ZHANG Yu-hua;SONG Shao-fang(Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510440,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心食源性疾病和食品安全风险监测部,广东广州510440 [2]广州市增城区疾病预防控制中心健康教育科,广东广州511300

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2020年第14期2566-2569,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2019年广州市卫生健康科技项目(20191A011050)。

摘　　要：目的分析2016-2018年广州市郊区中小学生营养状况及变化趋势,为制定有效的学生营养改善措施提供依据。方法利用2016-2018年全国学生常见病及健康危险因素监测的体检数据,对广州市郊区5所学校共3 877名9~18岁学生的营养状况进行评价及趋势分析。结果 2016-2018年,广州市郊区中小学生营养不良总体检出率从2016年的5.68%上升为2018年的10.43%(χ2趋势=20.06,P<0.01),其中轻、中重度消瘦检出率均逐年上升(χ2趋势值分别为11.15、14.34,P<0.01);超重、肥胖检出率随年度变化趋势稳定(P>0.05)。各年度学生肥胖检出率随学段升高而降低(2016-2018年度χ2值分别为10.97、19.09、8.11,P<0.05);男生超重、肥胖问题突出,且营养不良有上升趋势(χ2趋势=15.87,P<0.01);2016、2017年非寄宿生肥胖检出率分别为9.76%、12.36%,显著高于寄宿生(5.59%、5.94%),2018年非寄宿生中重度消瘦检出率(6.64%)高于寄宿生(3.50%)。结论 2016-2018年广州市郊区中小学生超重肥胖控制较好,但营养不良主要表现为消瘦有上升趋势。不同特征学生营养状况各异,应加强防控、有针对性地开展学生营养指导及干预。Objective To investigate the nutritional status and its epidemiologic trends among school-aged children from 2016 to 2018 in the suburb of Guangzhou, so as to provide the basis for further nutritional improvement. Methods The nutritional status and its epidemiologic trends of 3877 students aged 9-18 years from five schools in the suburb of Guangzhou was evaluated based on the physical examination data which were extracted from the National Monitoring of Common Diseases and Health Risk Factors for Students from 2016 to 2018. Results During the period of 2016 to 2018, The prevalence of malnutrition of students increased from 5.68% in 2016 to 10.43% in 2018(χ2 trend=20.06, P <0.01). The mild wasting and moderate severe wasting increased year by year(χ2 trend=11.15, 14.34, P<0.01), There was no statistically significant change in the trend of overweight and obesity rates(P>0.05). The rate of obesity of students in each year of 2016-2018 decreased with the increase of school stage(χ2=10.97, 19.09, 8.11, P<0.05). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys were relatively high, and their malnutrition rate showed an upward trend(χ2 trend=15.87, P<0.01) for 3 consecutive years. The prevalence of obesity of non-boarding students(9.76%, 12.36%) was higher than the boarding students(5.59%, 5.94%) in the year of 2016 and 2017. Meanwhile, the rate of moderate severe wasting of non-boarders(6.64%) was also higher than the boarders(3.50%) in 2018. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-aged children from 2016 to 2018 in the suburb of Guangzhou is under control, while the rate of malnutrition showed an upward tendency, which is mainly for the increase of wasting rate year by year. The nutritional status of students varies with their different characteristics. We should strengthen the prevention and control to improve the students’ nutritional status specifically.

关 键 词：中小学生 营养不良 超重 肥胖 趋势 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]