外源染色体导入对小麦主要农艺性状的影响  

Effects of Alien Chromosome on Main Agronomic Traits of Wheat

作　　者：汪晓璐 韩冉[1] 宫文萍[1] 程敦公[1] 郭军[1] 曹新有[1] 翟胜男 李法计 訾妍 刘爱峰[1] 李豪圣[1] 宋健民[1] 刘成[1] 刘建军[1] WANG Xiao-lu;HAN Ran;GONG Wen-ping;CHENG Dun-gong;GUO Jun;CAO Xin-you;ZHAI Sheng-nan;LI Fa-ji;ZI Yan;LIU Ai-feng;LI Hao-sheng;SONG Jian-min;LIU Cheng;LIU Jian-jun(Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in the North Yellow&Huai River Valley,Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat&Maize,Jinan 250100)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所/农业部黄淮北部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/小麦玉米国家工程实验室,济南250100

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2020年第4期834-845,共12页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31971874);泰山学者工程专项经费(tsqn201812123);山东省农业良种工程(2019LZGC016)。

摘　　要：小麦-近缘物种染色体附加系具有抗病抗逆等优良性状,是向小麦转移其优异基因的重要桥梁材料。当前,已有大量研究报道了近缘物种抗病抗逆基因向小麦的转移情况。然而,外源染色体导入对小麦主要农艺性状影响的研究却鲜有报道。因此,加强这方面的研究,对综合评价和利用这些小麦远缘杂交材料具有指导意义。本研究通过1年4地田间试验,对103份小麦-远缘物种染色体附加系的株高、穗长、旗叶长、旗叶宽、有效分蘖数、小穗数、单穗粒数和千粒重等农艺性状进行调查,研究了外源染色体导入对小麦主要农艺性状的影响。结果发现,与对照小麦相比,希尔斯山羊草4Ss#1、粗穗披碱草5Ht、纤毛披碱草3Sc、7Sc、5Yc和7Yc、簇毛麦2V#3、大麦4H、帝国黑麦4R、长穗偃麦草3E、5E和6E染色体导入可使小麦穗长显著变长;纤毛披碱草5Yc染色体导入使小麦旗叶显著变小;纤毛披碱草7Sc和7Yc染色体导入可使小麦千粒重显著增加。上述筛选出的这些小麦-近缘物种染色体附加系值得利用染色体工程或理化诱变对其进行诱导,获得近缘物种染色体结构变异体,定位相关农艺性状基因。Chromosome addition lines of wheat-wild species have excellent traits such as disease resistance and stress tolerance,which is an important bridge material for the introgression of elite characters to wheat.Many studies have reported the increasing of disease resistance or stress tolerance when the wild relatives derived segments are present in wheat.However,the effects on agronomic traits caused by introgressions of alien chromosomes remain to be rarely reported.In this study,several agronomic traits consisting of plant height,spike length,flag leaf length and width,effective tiller number,spikelet number,grain number per spike and thousandkernel weight in a set of chromosome addition lines were investigated at four field trials experiments.In relative to wheat control lines,the presence of introduced chromosomes Aegilops searsii Feldman&Kislev 4 Ss#1,Elymus trachycaulus(Link)Gould 5 Ht,E.ciliaris(Trin.)Tzvelev 3 Sc,7 Sc,5 Yc and 7 Yc,Dasypyrum villosum(L.)P.Candargy 2 V#3,Hordeum vulgare L.4 H,Secale cereal L.4 R,Lophopyrum elongatum(Host).love 3 E,5 E and 6 E resulted in significant increase on spike length.When E.ciliaris(Trin.)Tzvelev 5 Yc chromosome is present,the wheat-wild addition lines showed markedly decrease on the size of flag leaf.The chromosomes of E.ciliaris(Trin.)Tzvelev 7 Sc and 7 Yc were found to be associated with the increase of thousand-kernel weight.Thus,these chromosome addition lines in conjunction with future chromosome engineering and(/or)physicochemical mutagenesis induced structural variants become of interest to localize the agronomically-important genes.

关 键 词：小麦 外源染色体 附加系 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]