‘威代尔’与‘霞多丽’葡萄杂交F1代果实性状遗传倾向分析  

Inheritance trend of fruit traits in F1 progenies of ’Vidal’ and ’Chardonnay’ of grape

作　　者：刘政海 董志刚[1,2] 李晓梅 谭敏[1,2] 杨镕兆 杨兆亮 唐晓萍 LIU Zhenghai;DONG Zhigang;LI Xiaomei;TAN Min;YANG Rongzhao;YANG Zhaoliang;TANG Xiaoping(Pomology Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院果树研究所,太原030031 [2]果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室,太原030031

出　　处：《果树学报》2020年第8期1122-1131,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：农业部现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-29-yz-5);农业部葡萄酒加工重点实验室开放课题(KLVE2017.4);山西省留学人员科技活动择优资助项目(zyzz2019001);山西省农业科学院科企联合研发专项(YGC2019KQ11);山西省农业科学院育种工程项目(17yzgc037)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究酿酒葡萄杂交后代果实品质性状遗传规律,为酿酒葡萄杂交育种亲本的科学选择提供理论依据,提高酿酒葡萄新品种选育效率。【方法】以‘威代尔’ב霞多丽’F1代为试验材料,研究其成熟果实基本品质及果实不同部位不同酚类物质含量差异,并进行遗传分析。【结果】平均穗质量等8项指标组合传递力为60.72%~112.07%,品质性状分离较高,遗传倾向呈正态分布。其中平均穗质量变异系数最大,为48.85%,表现为较明显的超低亲遗传,平均穗质量和平均粒质量均呈趋小方向回归,pH表现为趋大方向回归;可溶性固形物含量广泛分离,含量为15.02%~25.65%;果形指数和pH的变异系数较小,分别为6.73%、9.38%。其F1代可滴定酸含量超高亲遗传率为33.33%,表现为强的加性效应。F1代果实不同部位中酚类物质呈连续变异,变异系数均较高,其中果皮中总酚含量优势率最高,且超高亲遗传率为14.31%,表现一定的超高亲遗传,但总酚含量在果肉中超高亲率为0.00%,超低亲率为79.05%,表现为一定的趋低化遗传;果肉中总酚和单宁含量遗传呈正态分布,但果肉中总酚含量为0.79~1.21 mg·g^-1的后代较多,呈低于双亲遗传,F1代果肉中的单宁含量和黄烷醇含量优势率为正值,表现为一定的强亲效应。果皮中黄烷醇含量为0.74~13.34 mg·g^-1,分离广泛,种子中黄烷醇含量为10.73 mg·g^-1,分别比其亲本‘威代尔‘’霞多丽’高37.21%、83.11%;果实不同部位的总类黄酮含量均呈现趋低于双亲遗传。【结论】杂交后代酸糖含量呈现较广的分离,有趋向于高酸和低糖亲本的遗传趋势,双亲为绿色葡萄其后代均为绿色葡萄,果皮中总酚含量、果肉中单宁和黄烷醇含量优势率较高,表现为一定的强亲效应,可作为杂交育种中亲本选择的理论依据。【Objective】Hybrid breeding is a time consuming work,and the key to the success of the hybrid breeding is to select parents reasonably.This work aimed at studying the inheritance trend of the fruit traits of the hybrid progeny of wine grape in order to provides a theoretical basis for the scientific selection of parents in wine grape hybrid breeding,and improve the breeding efficiency of wine grape.【Methods】The fruit quality indexes such as average panicle weight,average berry weight,fruit shape index,skin to flesh ratio,soluble solids,titrable acid content,juice yield and pH value were determined by the conventional method with 105 hybrid individuals derived from the crosssing between’Vidal’and’Chardonnay’.100 g of fresh fruits of each sample was quickly frozen with liquid nitrogen and then was stored in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator,and the content of phenolic compounds such as total phenolics content,tannin content,total flavonoids content,and flavanols content in fruit skin,flesh,and seeds were uniformly determined by colorimetry.The data were processed with Excel statistical software,and the genetic variation of fruit traits was analyzed using coefficient variation(CV),transfer ability(Ta),heterosis rate,and the normal distribution map was used to reflect the genetic tendency of the progeny.【Results】The combinative Ta of the average panicle weight and other seven indexes of the fruits of the 105 individuals ranged from 60.72%to 112.07%.The separation of quality traits was high,and the genetic tendency was normally distributed.The CV of the average panicle weight was 48.85%,and showed a high ultra low parental inheritance;the CVs of fruit shape index and pH were 6.73%and 9.38%.The rate of transgresive segregation over the higher parent of the titratable acid of the F1 progeny was 33.33%,showing strong exceeding ability over the parent.The content of soluble solids and skin to flesh ratio were widely separated.The content of soluble solids was 15.02%to 25.65%,and skin to flesh ratio

关 键 词：酿酒葡萄 F1代 果实品质 遗传倾向 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]