热力学相变理论的发展  

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THERMODYNAMIC PHASE TRANSITION THEORY

作　　者：柳福提[1] 张声遥 LIU Futi;ZHANG Shengyao(College of Physics, Department of Science, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000)

机构地区：[1]宜宾学院理学部物理学院,四川宜宾644000

出　　处：《物理与工程》2020年第2期54-58,共5页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：宜宾学院教学改革项目(JGY201827);四川省首批地方普通本科高校应用型示范课程——热学课程建设项目资助。

摘　　要：相变理论是热力学课程中的重要内容,一般教材中都会对克拉珀龙方程、爱伦费斯特方程和朗道的有序相变理论进行介绍,内容体系庞大、方程较多,缺乏逻辑主线。如果在教学过程中从一级相变、二级相变的定义出发,沿着理论发展脉络,分别推导描述相变平衡曲线的方程,介绍理论发展的历史过程,理清不同方程之间的逻辑关系,则有利于提高学生的科学思维能力,提高热力学课程的教学效果。Phase transition theory is an important and difficult content in thermodynamics course.In general text books,Clapeyron's equation,Ehrenfest's equation and Landau's phase transition theory are commonly introduced with huge content and equations but without clear clarification of the logical relation among them.In order to facilitate the teaching of phase transition theory,this article elaborated Clapeyron's and Ehrenfest's equations for the first and the second order phase transitions,respectively,and introduced Landau's continuous phase transition theory with a description of the contradiction between Ehrenfest's equation and Gibbs'function.The clarification of the relationship of above three different theories not only highlight the physical thought,but also develop the students'scientific thinking and improve the teaching effect of the thermodynamics course greatly.

关 键 词：相变 克拉珀龙方程 爱伦费斯特方程 有序相变理论 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]