贯通天人:科举星宿崇拜的演进历程  

Connecting Heaven and Man: The Evolution of Star Worship in Imperial Examination

作　　者：杜春燕[1] 魏红心 DU Chun-yan;WEI Hong-xin(School of Geography and Ecotourism,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Research Center for Higher Education Development,Xiamen University,Xiamen361005,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学地理与生态旅游学院,昆明650224 [2]厦门大学高等教育发展研究中心,厦门361005

出　　处：《贵州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第4期76-84,共9页Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：云南省哲学社会科学创新团队科研项目“乡村振兴背景下科举民俗文化遗产保护开发研究”(YD2019038)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：科举考试中的星宿崇拜是民间信仰与科举文化结合的产物。文曲星崇拜、文昌星崇拜、魁星崇拜都经历了从自然神到文化神、考试神的过程,这种转化既是中国文化传统中天人合一思想的体现,也与科举制度的建立有紧密关系。由于科举考试本身是一个具体的,要求结果的过程,因此,考试神的职能也越来越具体化、功利化、差异化:文昌星保佑读书人文运昌隆,文曲星赋予读书人特殊的才华,而魁星,则直接指向了竞争胜出,拔得头筹。可以说,科举星宿崇拜赋予中国科举信仰民俗更多文化内涵,并发挥了广泛深远的社会教化作用。The imperial examinations in the star worship is the product of combining folk beliefs and the imperial culture, worship of wenchangxing, wenquxing, kuixing have experienced from the natural god to worship culture god, examination god, this transformation is not only the embodiment of traditional Nature and humanity thought, also has close relationship with the establishment of the imperial examination system. As the imperial examination itself was a specific process requiring results, the function of examination gods became more and more specific, utilitarian and differentiated: wenchangxing blessed the scholar’s literary career, wenquxing endowed him with special talent for reading, and kuixing directly pointed to winning the competition and winning the first prize. It can be said that the star worship of the imperial examination gave more cultural connotations to the beliefs in folk customs of the imperial examination and played a far-reaching role in social education.

关 键 词：科举信仰 星宿崇拜 文昌星 文曲星 魁星 

分 类 号：G40-09[文化科学—教育学原理]