否定词“不”和“没(有)”的比较探究  

A Comparative Study of the Negative Words"No"and"Did not"

作　　者：贺婷婷 彭家法[1] HE Tingting;PENG Jiafa(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Hefei 230039,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学文学院,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《河南科技学院学报（社会科学版）》2020年第7期74-79,共6页Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology

基　　金：2018年国家社科基金重大项目“面向自然语言理解的逻辑构建和符号接地问题的哲学、心理学研究”(18ZDA032),主持人:霍书全,彭家法。

摘　　要：汉语否定词“不”和“没(有)”是现代汉语否定系统的主要构成因素,二者的语义之间既有重合又有差异,但是不应该片段地割裂二者的语义联系。汉语否定系统应该是一个连续统,“不”和“没(有)”应该作为否定连续统的两端,二者之间呈现出渐进过渡的特征;在句法结构中,“不”和“没(有)”是不同的结构成分,“不”是一个独立的否定投射,“没”作为附接语附接在主句动词或者助动词“有”上;在语用上,二者的语用预设具有明显差异,其中最主要的就是“不”字句的预设是事件尚未发生,“没(有)”字句的预设是事件已经发生。The Chinese negative words"no"and"did not"are the main components of the modern Chinese negative system.The semantics of the two are both overlapping and different,but the semantic connection between the two should not be fragmented.The Chinese negation system should be a continuum,and"no"and"did not"should be the two ends of the negative continuum,showing a gradual transition between the two;in the syntactic structure,"no"and"did not"are different structural components,"No"is an independent negative projection,"not"is attached to the main sentence verb or auxiliary verb"You"as an adjunct.In pragmatics,the pragmatics of both Presuppositions have obvious differences,the most important of which is that the presupposition of the"no"sentence is that the event has not occurred yet,and the presupposition of the"did not"sentence is that the event has already occurred.

关 键 词：不 没(有) 连续统 否定投射 附接语 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]