语言理解中汉语句法启动的“词汇增益”研究——来自眼动的证据  

Lexical Boost of Chinese Syntactic Priming in Language Comprehension——Evidence from Eye-tracking

作　　者：孙颖 葛明贵[2] 宣宾 Sun Ying;Ge Ming-gui;Xuan Bin(Guilin Medical University,Guilin 541199,China;Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林医学院,桂林541199 [2]安徽师范大学,芜湖241000

出　　处：《外语学刊》2020年第4期72-77,共6页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“信息论视角下言语生成的老化及脑刺激研究”(18BYY090)的阶段性成果;广西八桂学者岗位基金(社会医学与卫生事业管理学)资助。

摘　　要：本文采用汉语中的暂时歧义关系从句探讨语言理解中汉语句法启动的"词汇增益"现象。被试为大学本科生,材料为汉语中包含VP+NP1+的+NP2的暂时歧义关系从句,考察动词的异同是否会产生句法启动。该组两个实验为眼动追踪实验,兴趣区为首动词区、暂时歧义区(NP1+的+NP2)和解歧区,眼动指标为首次通过时间,首次回视率、回视路径时间和总时间,判断句法启动效应发生的依据是目标句兴趣区在以上4个指标上是否少于启动句。结果表明,当目标句和启动句的首动词相同时,首动词区没有发现启动效应;暂时歧义区,眼动指标除了首次通过时间外,在首次回视率、回视路径时间和总时间上,包含暂时歧义的关系从句目标句的相应指标比启动句的短;解歧区,只有在首次回视率上,包含暂时歧义的关系从句目标句比启动句的回视少。当目标句和启动句的首动词不相同时,没有观察到启动效应。汉语句法启动存在"回溯效应",即加工困难仅发生在再分析过程,本研究结果支持"剩余激活说"。With the temporal ambiguity clauses in Chinese, the lexical boost in syntactic priming in Chinese language comprehension was discussed. Participants were undergraduates, and the materials were Chinese reduced relative clauses that contained the structure of VP+NP1+DE+NP2. It examined whether there would be syntactic priming when the first verb repeated or did not respectively. The pair of the two experiments are eye tracking ones, and the areas of interest are the first verb area, the temporary ambiguity area NP1+DE+NP2 and the disambiguation area. The eye movement indexes are the first-pass time, the first-pass regression proportion, the regression path time and the total time. The criterion for judging the syntactic priming effect is whether the interest area of the target sentence is less than that of the prime in the above four indicators. The result suggested that when the prime and target sentences share the same initial verb, no syntactic priming effect was observed in the first verb area. In the temporary ambiguity area, except the first-pass time, the eye movement indexes of target sentence were shorter than that of prime ones on the first-pass regression proportion, the regression path time and the total time. However, except the first-pass regression proportion of target was shorter than that of the prime, there was no significant difference between the target and prime in the other three indexes in the disambiguation area. When the prime and target sentences did not share the same initial verb, the priming effect was not observed.There was a "retrospective effect" in Chinese syntactic priming,that is processing difficulties occurred only in the reanalysis process.Therefore, the results supported the residual activation account.

关 键 词：语言理解 汉语 句法启动 词汇增益 眼动 

分 类 号：H319[语言文字—英语]