历史学家与未来  

Historians and the Future

作　　者：于尔根·科卡[1] 杨晶晶(译) 修毅(译) 王晴佳(校译)[2,3] Jürgen Kocka

机构地区：[1]柏林自由大学 [2]北京大学历史系 [3]美国罗文大学历史系

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2020年第4期75-85,159,共12页Historiography Bimonthly

摘　　要：文章首先回顾了从古至今史学史上关于时间概念的思考,指出过去、现在、未来三个维度的相互关系一直为人重视。相较于古典时代和中世纪,现代史学思想的决定性因素是认识到过去、现在、未来的区别及其变化。其次,通过分析从启蒙史学到当今全球史的演进,文章指出未来已经成为历史研究的组成要素,回顾历史可以预测多种未来,同时对未来的预期也影响着历史学家如何重建过去。最后,针对历史研究如何应对未来这一涉及历史功用的问题,文章承认“历史是人生之师”的观点有其局限与风险,但认为“以史为鉴”仍然可能。这是因为历史经验有助于反思和寻找可能的方向和规律,历史研究可以比较历史各阶段的同异,历史训练有助于形成对未来的合理预期。This article first reviews the notion of time in the history of historiography from ancient times to the present. It points out that historians have always paid ample attention to the three dimensions, past, present, and future. In comparison with the classical era and the Middle Ages, one should recognize that the awareness of the differences and changes in past, present, and future is the decisive factor inductive to the advent of modern historiography. Then, this article analyzes the evolution from Enlightenment Historiography to today's global history, and argues that the future has become a component of historical research. Harkening back at history can predict a variety of futures. At the same time, the expectations of the future also affect how historians reconstruct the past. Finally, in response to the question of how historical study should deal with the future, which relates to the function of history, the author admits that “ historia magistra vitae ” (Cicero) has its limitations, yet believing that the idea of “history as a mirror” is still viable. This is because historical experience helps reflect and search for the possible laws and/or directions in historical movement. Historical research can compare the similarities and differences of various stages of history and historical training helps to form reasonable expectations of the future.

关 键 词：时间 未来 历史研究 以史为鉴 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]