谢·米·索洛维约夫的俄国史理念及其价值  

Sergei Mikhailovich Soloviev's View on Russian History and Its Values

作　　者：郭丹 周巩固[1] Guo Dan;Zhou Gonggu

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院,130024

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2020年第4期117-127,160,共12页Historiography Bimonthly

摘　　要：谢·米·索洛维约夫是19世纪俄国“国家学派”历史学家、西方派成员。在29卷《远古以来俄国史》中,索洛维约夫提出了如下俄国史理念。在历史起源问题上,地理因素是塑造俄国历史的“长时段”,是俄国(东方)历史与西欧(西方)历史具有差异性与相似性的深层动力。在历史发展动力问题上,自远古至现代,从西方到东方的宗教传播是东西方交流过程的一条核心线索。俄国据此完成了思想启蒙,构建了俄国国家的宗教认同。在历史发展趋向问题上,以血缘关系为基础的氏族制度向以政治关系为基础的国家过渡和转型,是贯穿与凝结俄国发展的核心线索,是俄国与西欧历史发展的同质性趋向。在俄国史学史上,索洛维约夫批判了斯拉夫派的俄国史观念和当时主导俄国史坛的卡拉姆津史学观念,推动了19世纪下半叶俄国历史学的发展历程。索洛维约夫的历史书写实践,体现了关注现实的特点。S.M.Soloviev is a Russian historian who lived in the nineteenth century.He is considered a member of the“state school”and a“westerner”in Russian historiography.In his twenty-nine volumes of History of Russia From Earliest Times,Soloviev articulates the following ideas in Russian history:On the issue of historical origin,geographical factors not only have shared Russian history in the longue durée,but they are also deep driving forces that construct the differences and similarities between Russian(Eastern)history and Western European(Western)history.On the dynamic of historical development,the spread of religion from ancient times to modern times,from the West to the East,is a central theme in the process of communication and confrontation between the East and the West,through which Russia has completed the ideological enlightenment and constructed it religious identity.On the issue of historical development trend,the transition of the clan system based on blood relationship into a state based on political relationship is the central theme that runs through Russia's past and present,and the convergent trend of historical development between Russia and Western Europe.Soloviev criticizes the views on Russian history both by the Slavophiles and Nikolay Karamzin in Russian historiography,and the latter used to dominate Russian historical circles at that time.In doing so,he promotes the development of Russian historiography in the second half of the nineteenth century.In his historical writing,Soloviev shows a strong concern of his contemporaneous society.

关 键 词：谢·米·索洛维约夫 俄国史理念 西方派 《远古以来俄国史》 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]