珠江三角洲河流饮用水源中的环境内分泌干扰物及其风险  

Occurrence of Typical Environmental Endocrine Disruptors in Drinking Water Sources of the Pearl River Delta and Their Risks

作　　者：熊小萍[1,2] 龚剑[1,2] 林粲源 周永顺 杜勇明 吴翠琴[1,2] XIONG Xiaoping;GONG Jian;LIN Canyuan;ZHOU Yongshun;DU Yongming;WU Cuiqin(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources/School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta,Ministry of Education/Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学环境科学和工程学院/广东省放射性核素污染控制与资源化重点实验室,广东广州510006 [2]广州大学/珠江三角洲水质安全与保护教育部重点实验室,广东广州510006

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2020年第5期996-1004,共9页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41673110);广州市科技计划项目(201607010217);广州市属高校科技计划项目重点项目(1201410747);广州市教育局高校科研项目(201831803)。

摘　　要：在极低的环境暴露水平(ng·L^−1—μg·L^−1),环境内分泌干扰物(EEDs)就能对水生物的生殖、发育功能产生不利影响,甚至可能威胁到饮用水源的安全。为深入了解珠江水源水中EEDs的污染现状,采用全自动固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用(FASPE-GC/MS)法对珠江三角洲河流饮用水源地中EEDs的含量分布和季节变异进行了调查,并评价了其潜在的生态风险。结果发现,EEDs广泛存在于珠三角水源水中,总EEDs(ΣEEDs)的质量浓度在26.8—2460 ng·L^−1之间,平均值和中值分别为775、325 ng·L^−1;其中辛基酚(OP)、壬基酚(NP)、双酚A(BPA)和雌酮(E1)的质量浓度范围(平均值/中值)分别为<LOQ(定量限)—121 ng·L^−1(42.9/15.2 ng·L^−1)、15.2—2270 ng·L^−1(821/338 ng·L^−1)、1.19—177 ng·L^−1(56.21/52.0 ng·L^−1)、nd(未检出)—2.5 ng·L^−1(0.9 ng·L^−1/<LOQ)。各水源地EEDs总体污染水平:东江东莞段>流溪河下游>西江>北江,丰水期ΣEEDs的质量浓度显著高于枯水期(P<0.05)。与国内外相关研究结果相比,珠三角河流水源水中EEDs的污染处于中高水平。丰水/枯水期水源水中OP、NP、BPA、E1的风险商(RQ)平均值分别为0.47/0.13、2.25/0.6、0.05/0.08、0.18/0.07,可见OP、BPA、E1在两季均呈中低风险水平,NP则呈中高风险水平。丰水期和枯水期饮用水源地EEDs的危害指数(HI)范围(平均值)分别为0.28—6.05(2.95)、0.045—3.23(0.88),表明丰水期的风险水平总体高于枯水期(P<0.05)。两季高风险点(HI>1)占总点位的41.7%,均出现在流溪河下游和东江东莞段,表明以上水源地处于高生态风险水平,已对当地水生生物及饮用水安全形成严重威胁;西江和北江的饮用水源地则处于中低风险水平。At very low environmental exposure levels(ng·L^−1 to μg·L^−1),environmental endocrine disruptors(EEDs)can adversely affect the reproductive and developmental functions of aquatic organisms,and may even threaten the safety of drinking water sources.In order to understand the current pollution of EEDs in the source waters of the Pearl River,the occurrence and seasonal distribution of EEDs in drinking water sources of the Pearl River Delta were investigated with the applications of fully automatic solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(FASPE-GC/MS),and their potential ecological risks were also evaluated.The results showed that EEDs were widely detected in the source water of the Pearl River Delta.The total EEDs(ΣEEDs)concentrations ranged from 26.8 to 2460 ng·L^−1,with the average and median values of 775 ng·L^−1 and 325 ng·L^−1,respectively.The concentration ranges of octylphenol(OP),nonylphenol(NP),bisphenol A(BPA)and estrone(E1)were<LOQ(limit of quantification)-121 ng·L^−1(mean/median:42.9/15.2 ng·L^−1),15.2-2270 ng·L^−1(821/338 ng·L^−1),1.19-177 ng·L^−1(56.2/52.0 ng·L^−1),nd(not detected)-2.5 ng·L^−1(0.9 ng·L^−1/<LOQ),respectively.The pollution levels of EEDs in the water sources occurred in the following order:Dongguan section of Dongjiang River>the lower reach of Liuxi River>Xijiang River>Beijiang River,and the concentrations of the EEDs in the wet season were significantly higher than those in the dry season(P<0.05).Compared with other drinking water sources worldwide,the pollution of EEDs in the source waters of the Pearl River Delta is at the medium or high level.The average risk quotients(RQs)of OP,NP,BPA and E1 in the wet/dry season were 0.47/0.13,2.25/0.6,0.05/0.08 and 0.18/0.07,respectively,demonstrating that OP,BPA and E1 were at low to medium risk levels in the both seasons,while NP was at medium to high risk level.The hazard index(HI)ranges of EEDs in the studied areas were 0.28-6.05(2.95)and 0.045-3.23(0.88)in the wet and dry seasons

关 键 词：环境内分泌干扰物 饮用水源 时空分布 生态风险 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]