基于宏基因组学解析瘤胃微生物调节荷斯坦奶牛乳蛋白含量的研究  

Rumen Microorganism Regulating Milk Protein Content in Holstein Dairy Cows Based on Metagenomic Analysis

作　　者：吴建民[1] 王雍 周协琛 耿子健 贾大庆 韩杨 王建发[1] 武瑞[1] WU Jianmin;WANG Yong;ZHOU Xiechen;GENG Zijian;JIA Daqing;HAN Yang;WANG Jianfa;WU Rui(Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases in Heilongjiang Province,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院,黑龙江省牛病防治重点实验室,大庆163319

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2020年第8期3843-3855,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31402157,31772698)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究相同饲粮结构及饲养环境下,基于宏基因组学解析乳蛋白含量与瘤胃微生物之间的潜在关系。以荷斯坦奶牛为研究对象,选择乳蛋白含量长期偏高(>3.7%)、长期偏低(3.0%~3.3%)的奶牛各3头,采集瘤胃内容物,通过宏基因组学方法分析二者之间的潜在调节作用。结果表明:拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidia)、普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、普雷沃氏菌科(Prevotellaceae)、拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)、栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌(Prevotella ruminicola)相对含量在2组间呈现显著差异(P<0.05),其中Prevotella ruminicola为主要差异微生物,并首次发现三角酵母属(Trigonopsis)可能对调节乳蛋白含量具有一定作用。在乳蛋白含量长期偏高的奶牛瘤胃内,与乳蛋白前体物生成过程相关的氨基酸代谢和其他氨基酸代谢功能基因的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),与蛋白质降解及氨基酸代谢过程密切相关的COG0542、COG0612、COG1404、COG1506、 COG2755、 COG4870基因的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),COG1404基因相对丰度富集度最高,其在微生物降解蛋白质过程中通过表达多肽酶发挥功能。综上,在相同饲粮结构及饲养环境下,瘤胃内Prevotella ruminicola和Trigonopsis这2种微生物相对含量的差异对调节乳蛋白含量具有一定作用;微生物通过高表达COG0542、COG0612、COG1404、COG1506、COG2755、COG4870基因增强瘤胃内蛋白质降解及氨基酸代谢作用,影响乳蛋白前体物合成情况,进而调节乳蛋白的含量。This experiment was in order to study a potential relationship between the milk protein content and rumen microorganism in dairy cows under the same dietary structure and feeding environment.Three Holstein dairy cows with high milk protein content(>3.7%)for a long time and three Holstein dairy cows with low milk protein content(3.0%to 3.3%)for a long time were selected.Their rumen fluid was collected and their regulatory effects were analyzed by macrogenomics.This experiment showed that Bacteroidetes,Bacteroidia,Prevotella,Prevotellaceae,Bacteroidales,Prevotella ruminicola showed significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05),Prevotella ruminicola was the main difference microorganism.It was found for the first time that Trigonopsis may had a certain effect in regulating milk protein content.There were a significant increase on the relative abundance of functional genes of amino acid metabolism and metabolism of other amino acids in the rumen of dairy cows of high milk protein content for a long time(P<0.05);there were a significant increase on the gene number of COG0542,COG0612,COG1404,COG1506,COG2755 and COG4870 that closely related to protein degradation and amino acid metabolism(P<0.05),and the highest concentration of COG1404 gene was found,which could function through the expression of peptidase.In conclusion,Prevotella ruminicola and Trigonopsis in rumen under the same dietary structure and feeding environment have a certain effect on the regulation of milk protein content.Through high expression of COG0542,COG0612,COG1404,COG1506,COG2755 and COG4870 genes,rumen protein degradation and amino acid metabolism are enhanced,which affect the synthesis of milk protein precursors,and then regulate milk protein content.

关 键 词：荷斯坦奶牛 瘤胃微生物 乳蛋白 前体物 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]