体外产气法评定蒸汽压片玉米对牦牛体外瘤胃发酵参数及甲烷产量的影响  

Effects of Steam-Flaked Corn on Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Methane Emission of Yak in Vitro

作　　者：刘颖 郝力壮[1] 刘书杰[1] LIU Ying;HAO Lizhuang;LIU Shujie(Qinghai Plateau Yak Research Center,State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Qinghai Academy of Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海高原牦牛研究中心,西宁810016

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2020年第8期3917-3926,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0500504);国家自然科学基金项目(31660673);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划(1_7);青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室奖励项目(2020-ZJ-Y08);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973前期项目)(No.2012CB722906)。

摘　　要：本试验采用体外产气法研究饲粮中蒸汽压片玉米替代比例对牦牛体外瘤胃发酵参数及甲烷产量的影响。体外培养底物精粗比为7∶3,采用单因素完全随机试验设计,设置11个组,蒸汽压片玉米替代精料中玉米的比例分别为0(对照组)、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%,每组3个重复。发酵48 h后,测定总产气量、甲烷产量及培养液pH、氨态氮(NH_3-N)及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量。结果表明:1)随着精料中蒸汽压片玉米替代比例的增加,24和48 h总产气量、产气速率、干物质降解率(DMD)均有上升趋势,100%蒸汽压片玉米组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);100%蒸汽压片玉米组瘤胃培养液总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、丙酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),培养液乙酸含量和乙酸/丙酸(A/P)、NH_3-N含量显著降低(P<0.05),对pH无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)随着蒸汽压片玉米替代比例的增加,甲烷产量均有下降趋势,100%蒸汽压片玉米组甲烷产量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,蒸汽压片玉米100%替代精料中玉米可显著降低甲烷产量,提高瘤胃液TVFA含量,降低A/P,具有较好的瘤胃发酵效果。The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of the replacement ratio of steam-flaked corn in diets on rumen fermentation parameters and methane(CH 4)emission of yak by in vitro gas production technique.The ratio of concentrate to forage of the cultivation substrates was 7∶3.The trial has adopted one-factor completely random design.Replacing the corn content in concentrate with steam-flaked corn and 0(control group),10%,20%,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80%,90%and 100%,and there were 3 replicates in each group.The 48 h gas production,CH 4 proportion in gas,pH,volatile fatty acids(VFA)and ammoniacal nitrogen(NH 3-N)contents were measured.The results showed as follows:1)24 and 48 h total gas production,gas rate,dry matter degradation rate(DMD)showed a linearly raised trend with the replacement ratio of steam-flaked corn increased,and 100%steam-flaked corn group was significantly higher than control group(P<0.05);TVFA and propionic acid contents in 100%steam-flaked corn group significantly increased(P<0.05),acetic acid content and acetic acid/propionic acid and NH 3-N content significantly decreased(P<0.05),and there was no effect on pH(P>0.05).2)CH 4 production showed a linearly decreased trend with the replacement ratio of steam-flaked corn increased.Compared with the control group,100%steam-flaked corn group significantly decreased the CH 4 production(P<0.05).The results indicate that 100%steam-flaked corn replacement can significantly decrease CH 4 production,improve the TVFA content of the stomach fluid,reduce the acetic acid/propionic acid,and has a better fermentation effect.

关 键 词：蒸汽压片玉米 瘤胃发酵 牦牛 甲烷 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]