综论长江中下游铜矿带先秦矿冶考古  

A Review of Archaeometallurgical Research on the Copper Ore Belt of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River in the Pre-Qin Period

作　　者：刘海峰[1] 梅皓天 白国柱 陈建立[3] Liu Haifeng;Mei Haotian;Bai Guozhu;Chen Jianli

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学文化遗产科学认知与保护研究基地,南京210044 [2]河北师范大学历史文化学院,石家庄050024 [3]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2020年第7期17-34,共18页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“宁镇地区早期铜矿冶遗址调查与研究”(项目编号:17YJCZH108);江苏省基础研究计划(自然科学基金)青年基金项目“宁镇地区历代矿冶景观时空演变及其成因研究”(项目编号:BK20170951);国家社会科学基金重大项目“先秦时期中原与边疆地区冶金手工业考古资料整理与研究”(项目编号:17ZDA219)资助。

摘　　要：梳理长江中下游铜矿带先秦时期铜矿冶考古研究可见,目前在矿冶遗址调查与发掘、采矿技术、冶炼技术、合金技术、铸造技术、矿料来源、青铜文化交流等领域,已展开过充分探讨,形成一系列重要成果。在采矿技术方面,出现了碗口式、榫卯式等多种井巷支护技术,并呈现出一定的时代、区域特征;在冶铸技术方面,三种冶炼技术并存,至迟在西周中晚期出现冰铜冶炼技术,普遍存在本土冶铸,形成了不同的区域特征;在铜料流通、文化交流等方面,从多种分析结果出发,发现存在多个铜料流通目的地,在商周青铜文明发展中起到重要作用。但目前的研究仍存在区域失衡、对象单一、对技术与资源的关系以及技术适应性关注较少等问题,对冶铸技术起源及资源流通问题也存在较多空白,因而长江中下游铜矿带矿冶考古研究,仍需要更多的技术研究与综合研究。In the field of mining and metallurgy research of the copper ore belt in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,many aspects have been fully discussed and formed a series of important results.It is believed that the earliest mining activity in the middle and lower Yangtze River occurred in the late Neolithic period.As for mining technology,there are many kinds of roadway support techniques,such as Bowl type and Mortise-Tenon type,which have exhibited certain characteristics of the time and region.For the smelting and casting technology,three kinds of smelting technologies coexisted;the ice copper smelting technology appeared no later than in the late Western Zhou dynasty,and local metallurgy was prevalent at that time.In the aspects of the circulation of copper materials and cultural exchange,there were multiple copper transmission destinations,which have played an important role in the development of the Shang and Zhou Bronze civilization.Further researches are needed in metallurgy of more areas and objects,as well as in the relationship between technology,resources and cultures.

关 键 词：先秦 长江中下游 铜矿带 矿冶 青铜冶铸 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K22[历史地理—历史学]