基于污染损失和逐级协商的生态补偿量化研究—以湘江流域为例  

Quantification of eco-compensation based on pollution loss and gradual negotiation:a case study of Xiangjiang River Basin

作　　者：刘叶叶 毛德华[1] 宋平 廖小红 刘春腊[1] LIU Yeye;MAO Dehua;SONG Ping;LIAO Xiaohong;LIU Chunla(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China;Hydro&Power Design Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha 410007,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,长沙410081 [2]湖南省水利水电勘测设计研究总院,长沙410007

出　　处：《生态科学》2020年第4期193-199,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划项目(2017SK2301);湖南省水利科技重大项目(湘水科计[2016]194-13);湖南师范大学一流学科建设项目(810006)。

摘　　要：生态补偿是生态文明建设的重要组成部分,其中确定补偿主体和补偿标准是进行补偿的关键。通过分析生态补偿存在的问题,建立了基于污染损失和逐级协商的补偿额度测算方法,并从理论补偿标准入手,引入修正系数,以湘江流域为例,测算了流域污染损失补偿量。考虑到各地区经济发展水平、用水量和用水效率存在差异,选取各市GDP、用水量、万元GDP用水量、万元工业增加值用水量和农田灌溉水有效利用系数进行调节。结果表明,2016年湘江流域补偿分配额为:衡阳补偿永州75.525万元、衡阳补偿株洲250.800万元、湘潭补偿株洲257.191万元、长沙补偿湘潭980.700万元、长沙补偿岳阳168.120万元、郴州补偿衡阳476.076万元、株洲补偿衡阳56.680万元、娄底补偿湘潭397.375万元、衡阳补偿邵阳161.025万元。基于污染损失的补偿标准符合当前我国补偿实例的要求,可作为补偿标准的下限。研究结果可为量化流域水功能区生态补偿标准提供依据和参考。Ecological compensation is an important part of ecological civilization construction,in which the determination of compensation subject and compensation standard is the key to eco-compensation.By analyzing the existing problems on eco-compensation,we designed a calculation method of compensation standard based on pollution loss and gradual negotiation.The correction coefficient was introduced according to the theory of compensation standard.Taking the Xiangjiang River as a case study,the compensation amount based on pollution loss was measured.Taking into account of differences in economic development level,water consumption and water use efficiency in different administrative regions,the GDP,water consumption,water consumption of 10 thousand CNY GDP and industrial value added,and effective utilization coefficient of irrigated water in farmland were selected to revise the compensation standard.The results showed that the final compensation amount in Xiangjiang River Basin in 2016 was as follows:Hengyang compensated Yongzhou 0.75525 million yuan,Hengyang compensated Zhuzhou 2.508 million yuan,Xiangtan compensated Zhuzhou 2.57191 million yuan,Changsha compensated Xiangtan 9.807 million yuan,Changsha compensated Yueyang 1.6812 million yuan,Chenzhou compensated Hengyang 4.76076 million yuan,Zhuzhou compensated Hengyang 0.5668 million yuan,Loudi compensated Xiangtan 3.97375 million yuan,Hengyang compensated Shaoyang 1.61025 million yuan.The compensation standard based on pollution loss meets the requirements of current compensation cases in China and could be used as the lower limit of compensation standard.Our research results provide basis and reference for the quantification of eco-compensation standard in watershed functional zones.

关 键 词：污染损失 一维水质模型 生态补偿 湘江流域 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]