不同种薯规格及施肥量对马铃薯新品种“桂农薯1号”农艺性状及产质量的影响  

Effects of different potato species and fertilizer amount on agronomic characters and yield and quality of new potato variety“Guinongshu No.1”

作　　者：刘国敏 覃维治[1] 闫飞燕[2] 韦荣昌 石达金[2] 蒙炎成[3] 邓英毅[4] 郑虚[1] LIU Guomin;QIN Weizhi;YAN Feiyan;WEI Rongchang;SHI Dajin;MENG Yancheng;DENG Yingyi;ZHENG Xu(Cash Crops Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;Maize Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007;Agricultural Resource And Environment Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院经济作物研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西农业科学院玉米研究所,广西南宁530007 [3]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广西南宁530007 [4]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530047

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第4期479-484,共6页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助项目(201503001-5、20150312713);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西薯类创新团队建设专项资助项目(nycytxgxcxtd-03-11-01);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项资助项目(2015YT62);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项资助项目(桂TS201432);广西创新驱动发展专项、广西科技重大专项(桂科AA17204054-2)。

摘　　要：为探究不同种薯规格及施肥量对马铃薯块茎产质量的影响,以马铃薯新品种“桂农薯1号”为试验材料,设置3个不同种薯规格处理,分别为Y1:10~20 g;Y2:20~30 g;Y3:30~40 g。3个不同施肥量处理,分别为H1减施肥料:N、P 2O 5、K 2O各施187.5、187.5、360 kg/hm 2;H2常规施肥:N、P 2O 5、K 2O各施217.5、217.5、390 kg/hm 2;H3增施肥料:N、P 2O 5、K 2O各施247.5、247.5、420 kg/hm 2。于马铃薯成熟期采集样品进行农艺性状、经济性状及化学成分分析,结果表明:(1)马铃薯产量和单株结薯数随种薯规格的增加呈增加趋势;(2)在Y1、Y2种薯规格处理下,H3增施肥料可显著提高马铃薯块茎Ca、Fe、Zn、N、P含量,增加马铃薯植株茎粗和单株主茎数,H1减施肥料可增加马铃薯株高、单株薯重及马铃薯商品率;(3)在Y3种薯规格下,施肥量的增减对块茎淀粉含量无明显影响,H1减施肥料可显著降低马铃薯块茎褐变程度、提高Ca含量。综合分析认为,常规施肥、种薯规格H2Y3组合,块茎营养成分协调、综合表现较佳,有利于产质量形成。In order to explore the effect of different seed potato specifications and fertilization on potato tuber yield and quality,a new potato variety“Guinongshu No.1”was used as a test material,and three different seed potato specifications were set,which were Y1:10-20 g;Y2:20-30 g;Y3:30-40 g.Three different fertilization treatments were set,which were H1 reduced fertilizer(N 187.5 kg/hm 2,P 2O 5187.5 kg/hm 2,K 2O 360 kg/hm 2);H2 conventional fertilization(N 217.5 kg/hm 2,P 2O 5217.5 kg/hm 2,K 2O 390 kg/hm 2);H3 incremental fertilizer(N 247.5 kg/hm 2,P 2O 5247.5 kg/hm 2,K 2O 420 kg/hm 2).The samples collected during potato maturity period were analyzed for agronomic traits,economic traits,and chemical components.The results showed that:(1)the potato yield and the number of potatoes per plant increased with the increase of seed potato size;(2)Under the specifications of Y1 and Y2 seed potatoes,increase fertilizer H3 can significantly increase the potato tuber Ca、Fe、Zn、N、P contents,increase the potato plant stem thickness and the number of main stem per plant,reduced fertilizer H1 can increase potato plant height,potato weight per plantand potato commodity rate;(3)Under Y3 seed potato specifications,the increase or decrease of fertilizer application has no significant effect on tuber starch content,reduced fertilizer H1 can significantly reduce the browning degree of potato tubers and increase the Ca content.According to the comprehensive analysis,the combination of H2Y3 with conventional fertilization and seed tuber specification(30-40 g)was favorable for the formation of yield and quality because of the coordination of tuber nutrient components and better comprehensive performance.

关 键 词：种薯规格 施肥量 马铃薯 “桂农薯1号” 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]