创新者、社会网络驱动与创新生命周期——以Elon Musk为例  

Innovators,Driving Force of Social Network and Innovation Life Cycle——Taking Elon Musk as an Example

作　　者：任梦 REN Meng(School of Business,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China;School of Economics and Management,Liaoning Shihua University,Fushun 113001,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学商学院,辽宁沈阳110036 [2]辽宁石油化工大学经济管理学院,辽宁抚顺113001

出　　处：《税务与经济》2020年第4期11-19,共9页Taxation and Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“竞争性国有企业的混合所有制改革研究”(项目编号:71472186);国家社会科学基金重大项目“国有企业改革和制度创新研究”(项目编号:15ZDA026)。

摘　　要：创新可以看作一个生命体,整个创新过程为胚胎期、孕育期、成长期、成熟期到繁衍期的创新生命周期,每个阶段都有独特需求,通过激活不同类型的社会网络关系和结构使独特需求得以满足,从而驱动创新进入下一个阶段,最终完成创新。其中弱关系促进胚胎期,强关系促进孕育期,强关系和结构洞促进成长期,闭合结构促进成熟期,网络嵌入促进繁衍期。网络激活是一个动态的过程,在一个期间有益的网络元素在下一个期间可能阻碍创新发展,创新者必须在不同期间激活网络的不同部分才能推进创新。网络激活选择受到诸多因素的影响,且有益的网络特征不是唯一选择。在一些情况下,激活不同网络的效果是有限的,在不同阶段激活不同网络可能会引发一些社会问题,且可能使创新者非自愿地失去创新主导权。Innovation can be regarded as a living body.The entire innovation process has gone through the embryonic stage,incubation stage,growth stage,mature stage and reproduction stage.Each stage has its unique requirements.Only by activating different types of social network relationships and structures,can the requirements be satisfied.Thus,innovation moves on to the next stage and finally all the stages of innovation can be achieved.Among them,the weak relationship promotes the innovation on the embryonic stage,the strong relationship promotes the innovation on the incubation period,the strong relationship and structural holes promote the innovation on the growth stage,the closed structure promotes the innovation on the mature stage,the network embedding promotes the innovation on the reproduction stage.Network activation is a dynamic process.The beneficial network elements in one period may hinder the development of innovation in the next period.Innovators must activate different parts of the network in different periods to promote innovation.Network activation is affected by many factors,and beneficial network features are not the only choices.In some cases,the effect of activating different networks is limited.Activating different networks at different stages may cause some social problems and innovators may involuntarily lose the dominance of innovation.

关 键 词：创新生命周期 社会网络 网络激活 创新者 

分 类 号：F270-05[经济管理—企业管理]