综合理化知识解析离子迁移数和淌度的测定实验  

Understanding the Implicit Concepts in Measurement of Ion Transference Number and Ion Mobility by Using the Moving Boundary Method

作　　者：张春芳 霍丙南 韩琳玉 姚宁 沈福刚[1] 商艳丽[1] 孙素芳[1] 单金缓[1] 马志广[1] ZHANG Chun-Fang;HUO Bing-Nan;HAN Lin-Yu;YAO Ning;SHEN Fu-Gang;SHANG Yan-Li;SUN Su-Fang;SHAN Jin-Huan;MA Zhi-Guang(College of Chemistry&Environmental Science,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Chemistry,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,Hebei)

机构地区：[1]河北大学化学与环境科学学院河北大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心,河北保定071002

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2020年第14期96-101,共6页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11704024);河北大学人才引进项目(521000981133);河北大学2019年校级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2019192);河北大学2018年“科研成果转化为教学资源”项目(KYZJX18128)。

摘　　要：基于大学物理化学基础电化学实验——界面移动法测定离子迁移数和离子淌度,讨论了(1)氢离子迁移数的表达;(2)镉离子和氯离子的离子迁移数;(3)恒电流条件下离子的匀速直线运动;(4)氢离子和镉离子电位梯度的求解;(5)摩尔电导率与离子淌度的线性关系;(6)实验条件下的电化学反应等内容。做了3组平行测定实验,并结合实验数据对前述内容特别是前4项内容进行了讨论和分析。讨论整合了化学和物理学等多个学科的知识,有助于学生优化知识体系,进而提高其化学学科核心素养。Based on one basic electrochemical experiment in physical chemistry, measurements of ion transference number and ion mobility by using moving boundary method, we discussed(1) the expressions for ion transference number of H+;(2) the ion transference numbers of Cd2+ and Cl-;(3) the uniform linear motions of the ions with constant current;(4) the solutions to obtain the potential gradients of H+ and Cd2+;(5) the linear relationship between molar conductivity and ion mobility;(6) the electrochemical reactions in the experiment, etc. In order to analyze all the above concepts and relations, we did three experiments at different conditions and examined all the ideas carefully, especially the first four items. In the end, all the ideas were well explained. Our work is helpful to integrate the fragmental concepts and the knowledge of multiple disciplines such as chemistry and physics, which is also helpful to optimize the knowledge system based upon real problems and to improve the core ability of the students in chemistry in the end.

关 键 词：界面移动法 离子迁移数 离子淌度 整合碎片化知识 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] O646-4[文化科学—教育学]