纳米生物催化的研究现状和发展态势  

Current developments and trends in nanobiocatalysis

作　　者：高利增[1] 魏辉 曲晓刚[3] GAO LiZeng;WEI Hui;QU XiaoGang(CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Biomedical Engineering,College of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China;Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生物物理研究所,中国科学院纳米酶工程实验室,北京100101 [2]南京大学现代工程与应用科学学院,生物医学工程系,南京210093 [3]中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,稀土资源利用国家重点实验室,化学生物学实验室,长春130022

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2020年第7期682-697,共16页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:L1724022)资助。

摘　　要：纳米生物催化领域包括:(ⅰ)利用纳米技术或纳米材料调控生物催化剂的效率;(ⅱ)直接利用纳米材料或技术实现生物催化功能,并拓展生物催化在非友好环境及疾病诊疗中的应用.纳米生物催化已成为纳米生物学重要的研究领域,主要涉及纳米载体固定化酶和纳米材料人工模拟酶(纳米酶).一方面,可以借助纳米技术或材料所具有的特殊纳米效应来增强生物催化剂的效率和稳定性.另一方面,从模拟酶的理念出发,借助纳米材料自身所具有的催化能力,直接实现对生化反应的催化,这类具有酶学特性的纳米酶被视为新一代人工模拟酶.近年来,基于纳米载体固定化酶和纳米酶技术的纳米生物催化已在疾病诊断和治疗、化工制药、环境处理等领域得到了广泛研究,并展示了其具有重要的应用价值.本文简要综述了纳米载体固定化酶和纳米酶的发展历程及应用进展.The field of nanobiocatalysis focuses on improving catalytic efficiency of biocatalysts or developing artificial enzymes using nanotechnology and nanomaterials,broadening their applications in an unfriendly environment,and in vitro and in vivo disease diagnosis and treatment.Nanobiocatalysis typically contains enzyme immobilization on nanocarriers and artificial enzymes based on nanomaterials(nanozymes).The latter is one of the representative interdisciplinary fields in nanobiology.On one hand,natural enzymes can be immobilized on nanocarriers to improve catalytic efficiency and stability.On the other hand,nanomaterials themselves may exhibit intrinsic enzyme-like properties which catalyze the biochemical reactions of the substrates of natural enzymes,providing a new generation of artificial enzymes.Nanobiocatalysis has been successfully explored,and has identified great potential in many important fields,including biomedicine,chemical industry,pharmacy,and environment engineering.In this review,we briefly summarize recent progress and developing trend for both enzyme immobilization on nanocarriers and nanozymes.

关 键 词：纳米生物催化 酶 纳米技术 固定化酶 人工模拟酶 纳米酶 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] O643.36[理学—物理化学]