黄河三角洲潮间带软体动物多样性与分布格局  

Diversity and Distribution of Intertidal Molluscs in the Yellow River Delta,China

作　　者：李玄 史会剑 王海艳[2] 马培振[2] 张文文 雍凡 崔鹏 吴翼 LI Xuan;SHI Hui-jian;WANG Hai-yan;MA Pei-zhen;ZHANG Wen-wen;YONG Fan;CUI Peng;WU Yi(Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning,Jinan 250101,China;Institute of Oceanology/Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Wuyi Mountains/Biodiversity Comprehensive Observation Station for Wuyi Mountains/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Biosafety,Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省生态环境规划研究院,山东济南250101 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所/海洋大科学研究中心,山东青岛266071 [3]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所/国家环境保护武夷山生态环境科学观测研究站/武夷山生物多样性综合观测站/国家环境保护生物安全重点实验室,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2020年第8期1055-1063,共9页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：黄河三角洲自然保护区生物多样性调查与研究;生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目。

摘　　要：为了解黄河三角洲潮间带软体动物现状,于2018年秋季和2019年春季分别对建国后4个主要的黄河入海流路潮间带进行了采样调查。此次调查共采集到软件动物2纲11目24科45种,主要优势种有短滨螺(Littorina brevicula)、托氏螺(Umbonium costatum)、古氏滩栖螺(Batillaria cumingi)和秀丽织纹螺(Nassarius concinnus)等,年平均密度和平均生物量分别为411.56个·m^-2和222.25 g·m^-2;各地点的丰富度指数(d)变化范围为0.329~1.648,均匀度指数(J)的变化范围为0.302~0.678,多样性指数(H′)的变化范围为0.298~1.384,仅平均生物量的地点和季节存在显著交互作用(P<0.05);年平均密度、平均生物量、丰富度指数和多样性指数在不同地点存在极显著差异(P<0.01),季节差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同黄河入海流路对软体动物的空间分布格局影响显著,这与黄河调水调沙及生态调水工程有一定关系。作为迁徙水鸟的主要食物类群,软体动物对水鸟保护起着至关重要的作用,应加强对其的监测与保护。Temporal and spatial variation of mollusc community structures(i.e.species composition and taxonomic diversity)in the intertidal zone of Yellow River Delta were explored in four flow path of Yellow River to the sea in autumn of 2018 and spring of 2019.A total of 45 species of mollusc were collected and identified to be from 24 families and 11 orders in 2 classes.Among them,Littorina brevicula,Umbonium costatum,Batillaria cumingi,and Nassarius concinnusc were dominant species.The annual average density and average biomass of molluscs were 411.56 ind·m^-2 and 222.25 g·m^-2,respectively.At four flow path to the sea,the Margalef richness index(d)value ranged from 0.329 to 1.648,the Pielou index(J)value ranged from 0.302 to 0.678,and the Shannon-Wiener index(H′)value ranged from 0.298 to 1.384.The variance analysis indicates that only average biomass had significant interactions between locations and seasons(P<0.05).The annual average density,average biomass,richness index and diversity index had extremely significant difference among different locations(P<0.01),and the seasonal difference was not significant(P>0.05).The spatial distribution of molluscs was significantly affected by the change of flow path of Yellow River to the sea,which had a certain relationship with the water and sediment discharge regulation and ecological water dispatching project.The molluscs,as the main food source of migratory water birds,are vitally important to the protection of water birds,so that their monitoring and protection should be strengthened.

关 键 词：软体动物 生物多样性 潮间带 黄河三角洲 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q16[生物学—普通生物学]