贫困补助能提高义务教育学生的人力资本吗?  

Can Poverty Subsidies Improve the Human Capital of Compulsory Education Students?

作　　者：王静曦 周磊 WANG Jing-xi;ZHOU Lei(Center for Population Development and Policy Research,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400061,China;Research Center for Economy of Upper Reaches of the Yangtse River,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400061,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学人口发展与政策研究中心,重庆400067 [2]重庆工商大学长江上游经济研究中心,重庆400067

出　　处：《中国软科学》2020年第7期65-76,共12页China Soft Science

基　　金：重庆市教委人文社会科学项目(20SKGH100);重庆市博士后特别资助项目(2019054)。

摘　　要：义务教育学生贫困补助是我国教育精准扶贫的重要举措。本文基于贝克尔的家庭教育投入理论,利用中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)的最新数据,采用基于倾向得分匹配的固定效应模型,实证检验了贫困补助对人力资本的影响。研究发现:贫困补助降低了辍学率,同时提高了学生认知能力。进一步研究发现,贫困补助对家庭的贫困程度越高的学生人力资本提高作用越强,但对留守儿童的影响效果有限。本文研究表明,贫困补助较好实现了"控辍保学"的政策目标,同时改善了贫困儿童的认知能力,但贫困补助作为一种现金补贴,并不能够取代父母在教育中所发挥的作用。The poverty subsidy for compulsory education students is an important measure of poverty alleviation.Based on Becker’s theory of family education investment,this paper discusses the influence of poverty subsidy on family optimal education investment and human capital of poor students.Using the latest data of China’s Education Panel Survey(CEPS),the fixed effect model based on propensity score matching is adopted to empirically test the impact of poverty subsidy on human capital.The study found that poverty subsidies reduced dropout rates and improved students’cognitive abilities.Further research shows that the poverty subsidy has a stronger effect on improving the human capital of students whose families are poorer,but its effect on left-behind children is limited.The research in this paper shows that poverty subsidy can better achieve the policy goal of"controlling dropout and ensuring school attendance"and improve the cognitive ability of poor children.However,as a kind of cash subsidy,poverty subsidy cannot replace the role played by parents in education.

关 键 词：贫困补助 家庭教育投入理论 倾向得分匹配法 人力资本 义务教育 

分 类 号：H43[语言文字] H52