中国沉积物中有机氯农药滴滴涕和六六六的分布特征  

Review of the historical records of organochlorine pesticides DDTs and HCHs in China.

作　　者：崔琬琪 邹红艳 王中良 CUI Wan-qi;ZOU Hong-yan;WANG Zhong-liang(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;School of Geography and Environment Science,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学,天津市水资源与水环境重点实验室,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学地理与环境科学学院,天津300387 [3]天津城建大学环境与市政工程学院,天津300384

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2020年第8期3595-3604,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52G19022)。

摘　　要：通过研究过去国内常用的两种有机氯农药滴滴涕(DDTs)和六六六(HCHs)在沉积物岩芯中的相关文献,总结和分析其在中国各地的历史沉积情况.结果表明:(1)Σ4DDTs(p,p'-DDT,o,p'-DDT,p,p'-DDD,p,p'-DDE)浓度在安徽巢湖北岸六岔河流域最高,在1965年达到最大值(457ng/g dw),Σ6DDTs(p,p'-DDT,o,p'-DDT,p,p'-DDD,o,p'-DDD,p,p'-DDE,o,p'-DDE)浓度在广东省海陵湾最高,在2008~2010年达到最大值(3480ng/g dw),Σ4HCHs(α-HCH,β-HCH,γ-HCH,δ-HCH)浓度在澳门河口最高,在1993年达到最大值(82.3ng/g dw);(2)Σ4DDTs和Σ4HCHs沉降通量在珠江三角洲最高,二十世纪七八十年代达到最大值,分别为115ng/(cm^2⋅a)和32.5ng/(cm^2⋅a),总体来说,DDTs和HCHs在中国沉积物岩芯中的浓度和沉降通量在南部地区要高于北部地区,平原地区和低纬度地区高于高寒地区(青藏高原)和高纬度地区(东北地区),水产养殖区或种植区高于非养殖区和非种植区;(3)从全国范围看,Σ4DDTs和Σ6DDTs浓度和沉降通量主要在20世纪70年代和21世纪中期出现峰值,少数研究区域峰值年份早在20世纪60年代,Σ4HCHs浓度和沉降通量峰值主要出现在20世纪70年代和21世纪初,少数研究区域峰值年份早在20世纪60年代;(4)从全国范围看,(DDD+DDE)/DDT比值没有可循的变化规律,DDTs可能来源于历史沉积、成岩作用以及外源土壤、三氯杀螨醇的使用等新输入,而很多地区在20世纪后期到21世纪中期均出现α-HCH/γ-HCH降低到小于3,表明这段时期HCHs主要来源于林丹的使用.In this paper,the spatial distribution of two organochlorine pesticides(DDTs and HCHs)in sediment cores in China were summarized by reviewing historical records.The results showed that:(1)The highest concentrations ofΣ4DDTs(p,p'-DDT,o,p'-DDT,p,p'-DDD,p,p'-DDE)in sediment cores were found in the mouth of Liuchahe stream and Chaohu Lake(Anhui Province)and the peak value(457ng/g dw)occurred in 1965.The highest concentrations ofΣ6DDTs(p,p'-DDT,o,p'-DDT,p,p'-DDD,o,p'-DDD,p,p'-DDE,o,p'-DDE)in sediment cores was found in Hailing Bay(Guangdong Province)with the peak value(3480ng/g dw)in 2008~2010.The highest concentrations ofΣ4HCHs were found in Macao Estuary with the peak value(82.3ng/g dw)in 1993;(2)The highest deposition fluxes ofΣ4DDTs andΣ4HCHs were found in Pearl River Delta with the peak value[115ng/(cm^2⋅a)and 32.5ng/(cm^2⋅a)]in 1970s^1980s.In general,the concentrations and deposition fluxes of organochlorine pesticides(DDTs,HCHs)were higher in southern China than those in northern China,higher in plain and low latitude areas than Alpine Region(Qinghai-Tibet Plateau)and high latitude areas(northeast China),and higher in aquaculture areas or cultivated areas than non-aquaculture areas and non-cultivated areas;(3)the concentrations and deposition fluxes ofΣ4DDTs andΣ6DDTs peaked mainly in 1970s and the mid-2000s with a few studies reporting peak values in the 1960s.ForΣ4HCHs,peaks occurred mainly in the 1970s and the early 2000s;(4)No obvious patterns were found for the ratio of(DDD+DDE)/DDT in China.The sources of DDTs could be historical residues,diagenesis,exogenous or dicofol inputs.The ratio ofα-HCH/γ-HCH was lower than 3in most region after 1990s,which indicated the use of lindane during this period.

关 键 词：DDTS HCHS 沉积物岩芯 沉降通量 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]