一种大鼠头部皮肤软组织扩张模型的构建  

Establishment of a novel model for soft tissue expansion in rat head

作　　者：刘士强 余州 董琛 张钰 程小皙 王彤 宋雅娟 马显杰 Liu Shiqiang;Yu Zhou;Dong Chen;Zhang Yu;Cheng Xiaoxi;Wang Tong;Song Yajuan;Ma Xianjie(Department of Plastic Surgery,Xijing Hospital,Air Force Medical University,Xi’an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学西京医院全军整形外科研究所,西安710032

出　　处：《中华实验外科杂志》2020年第6期1155-1157,共3页Chinese Journal of Experimental Surgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81671925、81971851);陕科发[2018]9号重点项目-社会发展领域(2018ZDXM-SF-081)。

摘　　要：目的构建一种稳定可靠的大鼠头部皮肤软组织扩张模型。方法设计个性化的微型扩张器,可以将其埋置在大鼠(SD大鼠28只,雄性,8~10周龄,购自空军军医大学实验动物中心)头皮下,实验动物通过随机数表随机分为两组:扩张组和假扩组,实验组定期将生理盐水注入扩张器,对大鼠头部皮肤进行充分扩张;假扩组在大鼠头皮下埋置硅胶膜,不进行扩张。术后定期收集皮肤样品,进行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、马松(Masson)染色等组织学检测,分析观察结果,包括表皮和真皮厚度、胶原纤维排列等,并使用电子显微镜进行超微结构观察,组间比较采用t检验。结果随着扩张装置的注水扩张,大鼠头皮被充分扩张,面积显著增大。假扩组表皮厚度为(54.16±9.48)μm,扩张组表皮厚度增加[(73.33±10.96)μm,t=2.957,P<0.05],而扩张组真皮厚度变薄[(394.00±51.38)μm],对照组真皮厚度为(732.00±54.03)μm(t=10.140,P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义。Masson染色结果表明扩张皮肤胶原束排列更紧凑,组织间隙更小。透射电子显微镜显示扩张皮肤部分胶原纤维断裂,排列紊乱;成纤维细胞核膜皱褶增多,细胞器数量增多。结论设计了一种微型扩张器,可埋置在大鼠头皮下,解决了大鼠扩张效率低、不稳定的问题,可用于研究皮肤软组织扩张机制和探索新的提高扩张效率的方法。Objective To establish a novel model for soft tissue expansion in rat head to overcome the limitations and complications.Methods A micro expander was designed and placed under the scalp of the rats(purchased from Laboratory Animal Center of Air Force Medical University).Normal saline was injected into expander regularly and skin samples were collected five weeks after surgery.Histologic outcomes including epidermal and dermal thickness,collagen fiber alignment were analyzed.Ultrastructural analysis was also performed.T-test was used for comparison between groups.Results With the application of the expansion device,the skin became tight and the area was significantly enlarged.The thickness of the epidermis in the unexpanded group was(54.16±9.48)μm,and that in the expansion group increased to(73.33±10.96)μm(t=2.957,P<0.05).The thickness of the dermis in the expanded group was(394.00±51.38)μm,and that in the unexpanded group was(732.00±54.03)μm(t=10.140,P<0.01).Masson staining demonstrated that collagen bundles were arranged more compactly and tissue gaps were smaller in the expanded skin.Transmission electron microscopy showed that the fibers of expanded skin were stretched and broken into bundles of various diameters,and active fibroblasts were found more frequently.Conclusion The authors designed a micro expander that can be placed under the scalp and solved the problem of low expansion efficiency in rats.We believe the animal model could be used for the study on skin soft tissue expansion mechanism and the exploration of new interventions.

关 键 词：皮肤软组织扩张 模型 动物 头皮扩张 扩张器 

分 类 号：R-332[医药卫生] R622