论语言生成的伦理机制  

Ethical Mechanism of Language Generation

作　　者：聂珍钊 NIE Zhenzhao(School of International Studies,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第3期87-101,共15页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助”(2020FZA111);国家社科基金重大项目“当代西方伦理批评文献的整理、翻译与研究”(19ZDA292)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当前学术界有关语言起源的解释或者观点,基本上都是推测或者假说。我们已经无法从源头上真正探究语言的起源,但是我们能够从婴儿的语言习得中一窥语言产生的奥秘。新生儿的第一声啼哭是婴儿发音器官发挥作用的结果,是婴儿的自我表达和信息传递,因此啼哭是婴儿的低级语言。无论是婴儿的低级语言,还是后来因为发音器官发育成熟后生成的高级语言,均是在伦理选择过程中生成的。在婴儿的伦理意识产生之前,婴儿同母亲的伦理联系表现为以母亲为对象的吸吮反射和寻乳反射,而这正是婴儿语言生成的伦理基础。语言不是先在的,而是生成的;不是一种实体,而是一种状态。在语言生成之前,我们只有保存思想的脑文本的存在。脑文本转换为声音形态的过程,即是语言的生成过程。声音形态和实时生成是语言的两大本质特征。正是语言的这两个本质特征,我们才能认识语言,才能将语言、符号、文字、文本等概念区别开来。In academics,almost all theories pertaining to the emergence and development of language in human societies are either speculated or conjectured.As widely acknowledged,it is impossible to trace the origin of language from the language acquisition of infant.However,it is possible to the get a glimpse of the mystery of language acquisition.Language evolves in babies to assist the process of ethical choice:while a baby’s sounds of crying is his primary language(i.e.his first cry,a milestone of his speech organs,is an expression of emotions and needs),his mature language comes with full development of speech organs.Before the birth of a baby’s ethical consciousness,his relation with mother is exhibited in the involuntary movements of sucking reflex and breast-seeking reflex,which are the ethical foundation for baby’s language generation.Language can only be generated from brain text other than an innate entity before its generation.Before the generation of language,we are dependent on brain text to keep record of thoughts.As such,the process when brain text is transformed into the form of sound coincides with the generation of language.The two essential feature of a fully functional language are the materiality of sound and the generation in real-time,upon which we come to know the genesis of language and to make a differentiation of language from other related concepts such as sign,character and text.

关 键 词：语言生成 伦理选择 脑文本 声音形态 婴儿语言 

分 类 号：B82-055.9[哲学宗教—伦理学]