高寒区低温水灌溉春青稞根层水分特征分析  

Water Characteristics Analysis of Spring Highland Barley Root Layer Irrigated with Low Temperature Water in High and Cold Region

作　　者：关迦文 何军 徐冰[3] 刘伟 汤鹏程[3] 李泽坤[3] GUAN Jjiawen;HE Jun;XU Bing;LIU Wei;TANG Pengeheng;LI Zekun(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agriculural Unirersity,Hothot,Neinenggu,010018,China;Tibet Hydrology and Water Resources Sharnan Administrative Area Branch,Shannan,Xizang 856000,China;Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Hothot,Neimenggu 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]西藏自治区水文水资源勘测局山南分局,西藏山南856000 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《水利与建筑工程学报》2020年第4期48-54,共7页Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering

基　　金：水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2018NSG01);中国水利水电科学研究院科研专项(MK2020J04);国家自然科学基金项目(51579158;51609154)。

摘　　要：低温融雪水是高寒区重要的灌溉水源,青稞是一种很重要的高原谷类作物。为明确高寒区融雪水灌溉春青稞根层水分运移,进一步阐明低温融雪水灌溉对春青稞根系生长影响。通过低温水灌溉对照试验定量分析了灌水温度降低对地温及青稞生长变化,基于氢氧稳定同位素示踪方法,对比分析了关键生育期灌水前后作物根区水分来源变化,明晰低温融雪水灌溉春青稞根层水分稳定氢氧同位素分布特征。通过关键生育期水分贡献率的研究得到了低温水灌溉春青稞用水策略。在低温融雪水灌溉条件下,青稞根系对灌溉水利用效果随温度降低而降低。随灌水温度的上升,青稞主要吸水根深对应的土层土壤水分贡献比例增加。随灌水温度梯度的上升,主要吸水根深对应的土层水分贡献比例越大,建议尽量在18时(相当于WT3处理)进行融雪水灌溉,从灌水时间角度避免低温水灌溉产生的寒害影响。Low temperature snow melting water is an important irrigation water source in alpine region,and highland barley is a very important cereal crop in plateau.In order to clarify the water movement in the root layer of spring barley irrigated by snowmelt water in alpine region and further analyze the effects of low-temperature snow melting water irrigation on the root growth of spring barley.Through the contrast experiment of low temperature water irrigation,the change of soil temperature and barley growth caused by the decrease of irrigation temperature was quantitatively analyzed.Based on the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope tracer,the water source changes of crop root zone before and after irrigation in key growth period were compared and analyzed,and the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope distribution characteristics of spring highland barley root layer water under low temperature snow melting water irrigation were clarified.Through the research of water contribution rate in key growth period,the water use strategy of low temperature water irrigation for spring highland barley was obtained.Under the condition of low temperature snow melting water irrigation,the effect of highland barley roots on irrigation water conservancy decreased with the decrease of temperature.With the increase of irrigation temperature,the proportion of soil water contribution corresponding to the main water absorption root depth of highland barley increased.With the increase of irrigation temperature gradient,the greater the proportion of soil water contribution corresponding to the main root depth of water absorption.It is suggested that snow melting water irrigation should be carried out at 18:00 to avoid the cold damage caused by low-temperature water irrigation from the angle of irrigation time.

关 键 词：融雪水 灌溉 青稞 稳定氢氧同位素 高寒区 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]