云南甘蔗丰产优质种植制度实施及成效  

The Implementation and Effect of High Yield and High Quality Sugarcane Planting System in Yunnan

作　　者：王鞠萱 陈优强 冯晓敏 陈骏佳 WANG Ju-xuan;CHEN You-qiang;FENG Xiao-min;CHEN Jun-jia(Institute of Bioengineering,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510316;Yunnan Yingmao Sugar Industry(Group)Co.Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650228)

机构地区：[1]广东省科学院生物工程研究所,广东广州510316 [2]云南英茂糖业(集团)有限公司,云南昆明650228

出　　处：《甘蔗糖业》2020年第4期14-19,共6页Sugarcane and Canesugar

基　　金：广东省科学院建设国内一流研究机构行动专项资金项目(2019GDASYL-0103028);广东省甘蔗剑麻产业技术体系创新团队(2019KJ104-04)。

摘　　要：云南蔗区传统甘蔗种植主要集中在2~4月下种,前期气温低,种苗萌发时间长,错过6月份这一大伸长生长的黄金期,且甘蔗的有效生长期短,导致甘蔗单产和产糖率低。因此,我们提出一种新种植制度,即在11月份至次年1月份下种,加上覆盖地膜,在温度低的月份里完成萌发期,低温期后温度回升时进入分蘖期,缩短萌发分蘖时间,从而延长有效生长期,进而增加甘蔗产量和糖产量。并将该种植制度在云南省瑞丽糖厂、云县幸福糖厂和云县甘化有限公司推广实施。结果表明该种植制度实施后糖厂的入榨量和产糖率具有明显的提升,在云南蔗区实施的丰产优质种植制度取得了极显著的成效。The traditional sugarcane planting period was mainly from February to April in Yunnan sugarcane region.Due to low temperature in the early stage and long germination time of seedlings,sugarcane missed the golden period of elongation growth in June,and the short effective growth period caused that the unit area yield and sugar yield rate were low.Therefore,we put forward a new cropping system to replace spring-planting with winter-planting,namely planting sugarcane from November to January the following year and covering plastic film to guarantee germination at low temperature,then complete tillering stage in the low temperature period,which greatly shorten the time of germination and tillering,extended the effective growth period,and increased the sugarcane yield and sugar content.The planting system was promoted and implemented in Ruili sugar refinery,Yunxian Xingfu sugar refinery and Yunxian Ganhua Co.Ltd.in Yunnan.The results showed that sugarcane input and yield of sugar in these sugar factories increased significantly after the implementation of the cropping system.And the high yield and high quality planting system in Yunnan sugarcane cultivation region had achieved remarkable effects.

关 键 词：甘蔗 种植制度 有效积温 生长周期 产量 产糖率 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]