航天器无控再入解体非规则碎片散布范围分析研究  

Analysis and Research on Scattered Range of Irregular Debris for Uncontrolled Reentry Disintegration of Spacecraft

作　　者：蒋新宇[1,2] 党雷宁 李志辉[1,2] 李四新[1] 唐小伟[1] JIANG Xinyu;DANG Leining;LI Zhihui;LI Sixin;TANG Xiaowei(Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000,China;National Laboratory for Computational Fluid Dynamics,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所,绵阳621000 [2]国家计算流体力学实验室,北京100191

出　　处：《载人航天》2020年第4期436-442,共7页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2014CB744100);国家自然科学基金项目(11325212)。

摘　　要：针对服役期满大型航天器在无控情况下再入大气层解体过程及再入点难以提前预测,再入解体后生成的碎片可能造成地面伤害等问题,采用基于空间方位角的碎片有限分组策略与飞行姿态角随机统计模拟技术,提出非规则碎片几何分类与质量分布模型及地面散布范围可计算建模方法,结合气动特性当地化快速算法和三自由度弹道方程,建立了空气动力融合弹(轨)道高精度数值积分碎片运动散布范围统计计算方法,初步实现了对航天器无控再入解体碎片的全程跟踪模拟。结果表明:解体点弹道倾角对碎片散布范围影响很大,散布区域整体呈细长条状,纵向达数千公里,横向仅为百余公里,质量越大的碎片航程越远。It is difficult to predict the reentry process and the reentry point for the uncontrolled spacecraft,and the debris generated from reentry disintegration may cause ground damages.The finite grouping strategy of debris based on space azimuth and the random statistical simulation technology of flight attitude angle were adopted in this study.The geometric classification and mass distribution model of irregular debris,and the calculable modeling method of ground dispersion range were proposed.Combined with a fast localization algorithm for debris covering variables flow regimes and the three degree of freedom trajectory equation,the statistical calculation method integrating the aerodynamic and high-precision trajectory(orbit)calculations was established for debris dispersion range estimation.The tracking simulation of the disintegrated debris of uncontrolled spacecraft reentry was preliminarily realized.The calculation showed that the trajectory inclination of the disintegration point had a great influence on the debris dispersion range.The whole dispersion area was a long and thin strip with thousands of kilometers in the longitudinal direction and hundreds of kilometers in the transverse direction.The larger the mass,the farther the debris range.

关 键 词：大型航天器 再入解体 飞行弹道 碎片散布 统计模拟 

分 类 号：V411.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]