表观遗传与口腔鳞状细胞癌  

Epigenetic and oral squamous cell carcinoma

作　　者：王安训[1] WANG Anxun(Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学附属第一医院口腔颌面外科,广东广州510080

出　　处：《口腔疾病防治》2020年第10期613-622,共10页Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(NSFC81672659、NSFC81472523);广州市产学研协同创新重大专项民生科技研究专题(201704020112)。

摘　　要：近几十年来,尽管口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)的诊断和治疗取得了很大的进步,但其5年生存率仍未有显著提高,其根本原因在于发病机制仍未清楚、缺乏有效的针对侵袭转移及监测复发的分子标志物和治疗靶点。目前的观点认为OSCC的发生、发展存在着遗传和表观遗传的异常,表观遗传是可调控和逆转的生物学行为,在恶性肿瘤的发生发展中起重要作用。本评述结合笔者课题组的研究以及当前表观遗传的最新研究进展,阐述表观遗传修饰的改变在OSCC发生发展中的作用,包括DNA甲基化、RNA甲基化、短链非编码RNA(miRNA等)、长链非编码RNA、环状RNA、组蛋白修饰(乙酰化和甲基化)、染色质重塑和基因组印记等;同时分析表观遗传研究在OSCC预防、诊断、靶向治疗中的作用。In recent decades,although great progress has been made on the diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),its 5-year survival rate has not been significantly improved.The basic reason is the unclear pathogenesis,lack of effective molecular markers for assessing invasion,metastasis,and recurrence as well as therapeutic targets.The present view is that genetic and epigenetic abnormalities are related to the occurrence and development of OSCC.Epigenetic inheritance is a biological behavior that can be regulated and reversed,and it plays an important role in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors.First,this review will describe the role of epigenetic modifications in the development of OSCC in combination with our research and the latest research progress of epi-genetics,including DNA methylation,RNA methylation,short noncoding RNAs(mi RNAs,etc.),long noncoding RNAs,circular RNAs,histone modifications(acetylation and methylation),chromatin remodeling and genomic imprinting.Then,we will analyze the value of epigenetic studies in the prevention,diagnosis,and targeted therapy of OSCC.

关 键 词：表观遗传 口腔鳞状细胞癌 DNA甲基化 RNA甲基化 非编码RNA 组蛋白修饰 生物标志物 预防 诊断 靶向治疗 

分 类 号：R78[医药卫生—口腔医学] Q3[医药卫生—临床医学]