间作玉米马铃薯土壤水氮协同吸收特征研究  

Characteristics of interactive absorption of soil water and N in maize and potato intercropping system

作　　者：刘英超 汤利[2] 郑毅[2] LIU Ying-chao;TANG Li;ZHENG Yi(Department of Science and Technology,Kunming University,Kunming Yunnan 650214;College of Resources and Environmental Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201)

机构地区：[1]昆明学院科技处,云南昆明650214 [2]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第4期150-156,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：云南省地方本科高校基础研究联合专项资金项目[2019FH001(-056)];国家自然科学基金项目(31460551、41361065、31260504);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2020J0524);昆明学院人才引进科学研究启动项目(YJL2005)。

摘　　要：土壤水氮协同吸收对玉米、马铃薯产量维持具有重要作用。本研究通过盆栽试验,采用滴灌补水方式,动态定量监测了玉米(Zea mays)马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)间作条件下,作物不同生育期表观耗水量变化和水分利用差异,并通过各生育期表观耗水量和植株氮含量变化,分析了水分吸收与氮素在植株累积中的关系。结果表明,玉米马铃薯间作有明显产量优势,土地当量比(LER)为1.36,玉米种间竞争力强于马铃薯(ARF>0)。与单作相比,间作玉米总表观耗水量减少16.67%,间作马铃薯总表观耗水量增加15.44%,两种间作作物表观耗水量差异不显著。作物整个生育期,与单作相比,间作玉米氮素累计吸收量减少96.30%,间作马铃薯减少83.66%,间作作物中,玉米高于马铃薯151.53%。全生育期作物表观耗水量与氮素累积吸收量均呈显著正相关关系,且越到后期越明显,其中,抽穗至成熟期为玉米水-氮协同吸收关系最紧密时期,单作玉米相关系数0.717,间作玉米相关系数0.814,块茎形成期至淀粉积累期为马铃薯水-氮协同吸收最明显时期,单间作马铃薯相关系数分别达到0.808和0.875。综上,玉米马铃薯间作促进作物水-氮协同吸收作用,且随生育期推移越显著。Soil water and nitrogen interactive absorption plays an important role in maintaining maize and potato yield.Pot experiment with drip irrigation was conducted in this study,dynamic apparent water consumption of maize(Zea mays)and potato(Solanum tuberosum)in different growth stages under the conditions of intercropping was quantitatively monitored.Frome the changes of apparent water consumption and nitrogen content in crops through the growth stages,the relationship between water uptake and nitrogen accumulation in plants were analyzed.Results showed that,maize intercropping potato had obvious yield advantage,the land equivalent ratio(LER)was 1.36,interspecific competition of maize was stronger than potato.In the whole growth period,compared with that of monocropping,intercropping maize apparent water consumption was 16.67%lower,total nitrogen uptake was 96.30%lower,intercropping potato apparent consumption was 15.44%higher,and total nitrogen uptake was 83.66%lower.There was a significant positive correlation of maize between the apparent water consumption and nitrogen accumulation in the whole growth period,the correlation coefficient of intercropping(0.769)was higher than that of monoculture(0.701),and increased with the growth period,the correlation coefficient of maize reached the maximum at heading stage to maturity stage(intercropping maize was 0.814,monocropping maize was 0.717);the apparent water consumption was significantly correlated with the amount of nitrogen accumulation of potato during the formation stage until the starch accumulation stage,and the correlation coefficient of intercropping(0.875)was higher than that of monoculture(0.808).In short,water consumption and nitrogen absorption coefficient of maize and potato intercropping system was higher than monoculture,and the characteristic was more obvious with the growth of crop.In conclusion,maize and potato intercropping promoted the synergistic absorption of water and nitrogen,which was more obvious with the growth period.

关 键 词：玉米 马铃薯 间作 表观耗水量 氮吸收量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S532