屈原《离骚》诉舜、谒帝、求女为何均告失败  

Why did Qu Yuan's Li Sao Fail in Suing Shun,Paying Homage to the Emperor and Seeking for A Woman

作　　者：王章才 Wang ZhangCai(Henan University of Finance,Economics and Law,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046)

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学,河南省郑州市450046

出　　处：《职大学报》2020年第4期6-10,共5页Journal of the Staff and Worker’s University

摘　　要：屈原《离骚》第二部分所写的诉舜、谒帝、求女等三事均以失败而告终。这三事都是基于幻想的;幻想高于现实,往往是对现实缺憾的补足。问题是:既然是幻想,屈原为何拒绝“补足”呢?原因有三:客观上,这三事本身都很难成功;主观上,屈原并没有尽力,而是浅尝辄止、遇难即退;逻辑上,这些事也不能成功,因为,历史已经凝固,无法改写。屈原明是求女,隐喻是“后宫路线”,即想求一位能解劝楚王的后妃。三事未遂,说明三个问题:第一,说明屈原并不自信。这主要是受当时楚国朝野上下一边倒地否定他的舆论的影响所致;第二,说明屈原对自己的政治处境有非常清醒和理智的预判:他知道他已经无法翻盘了;第三,屈原的清醒和理智也导致了他在文学上的幻想手法的使用是“有节制”的。也就是说,《离骚》并非迷狂写作或自动写作;相反,屈原作《离骚》时并未丧失理智。由此也可以说:《离骚》是文学自觉的产物。In the second part of Li Sao written by Qu Yuan,three things,such as Sushun,Paying Homage to Emperor,and Seeking for A Woman,all ended in failure.These three things are all based on fantasy;fantasy is higher than reality,which is often a complement to the reality.The question is:since it is a fantasy,why does Qu Yuan refuse to"make up"?There are three reasons:objectively,these three things are difficult to succeed;subjectively,Qu Yuan didn't try his best,but tried to stop it and retreated when he was in trouble;logically,these things could not succeed because history has solidified and cannot be rewritten.Qu Yuan was seeking for a woman,which is metaphorically referred to as"Hougong Line",that is,he wants to seek a concubine who can persuade the King of Chu.Three things have not been accomplished,which shows three problems:first,Qu Yuan was not confident.This is mainly due to the influence of the public opinion that the state of Chu fell down and denied him at that time;secondly,it shows that Qu Yuan had a very sober and rational prediction of his political situation:he knew that he could not turn the table;thirdly,Qu Yuan's soberness and reason also led to his"moderate"use of fantasy in literature.In other words,Li Sao is not crazy writing or automatic writing;on the contrary,Qu Yuan did not lose his mind when he wrote Li Sao.It can also be said that Li Sao is the product of literary consciousness.

关 键 词：屈原 《离骚》 诉舜、谒帝、求女的失败原因 文学自觉 

分 类 号：I222.3[文学—中国文学]