当代性与“做以成人”  

Contemporaneity and“Making to Be Human”

作　　者：杨大春[1] YANG Dachun

机构地区：[1]浙江大学人文学院哲学系,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《学术月刊》2020年第7期5-13,共9页Academic Monthly

基　　金：作者主持的2017年度浙江大学文科教师教学科研发展专项“后现代主义还是当代主义”;2014年度国家社会科学基金重大招标课题“《梅洛-庞蒂著作集》编译与研究”(14ZDB021)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：福柯哲学从多个维度体现了当代性与现代性的对照或张力,而"成人"始终是这一没有中心的哲学的一个中心话题。一个时代的哲学气质决定了人之为人。当代性指称的是以精神的失落为表征的一个特定时代的别一种精神,当代人也因此是抛弃信仰、告别理想、丧失情感的人。人在现代性进程中是"学"而成的,即主体或人是依据一些普遍法则被塑造而成的;而在当代性进程中,人却是"做"而成的,即主体或人是通过自己的行为被塑造而成的。福柯认为其写作的目的是为了改变自己,为了让自己的形象多样化。其人其说正好体现了从"学以成人"到"做以成人"的重要转换,尽管前者以某种方式被包含在了后者之中。Foucault’s philosophy embodies the contrast or tension between contemporaneity and modernity from many dimensions,and"being human"has always been a central topic of this philosophy without center.The philosophical ethos of an age determines what and how a human is.The contemporaneity refers to another kind of spirit in a specific time represented by spiritual loss,and therefore,a contemporary human is a human who abandons his faith,bids farewell to his ideals and loses his feelings.A human is a human via his learnings in the process of modernity,that is to say the subject is formed according to some universal rules,while he is a human via his doings in the process of contemporaneity,that is to say,the subject is formed by his doings.Foucault believes that the purpose of his writing is to change himself and diversify his image.He as a human with his learnings exactly embodies the important transformation from"learning to be human"to"making to be human",although the former is included in the latter in some way.

关 键 词：福柯 当代性 “做以成人” 现代性 “学以成人” 

分 类 号：B5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]