家庭功能与气质对学龄前儿童行为的影响  

Effects of family function and temperament on behaviors of preschool children

作　　者：白瑞北 王朝晖[1] 齐晶 龙磊 梁静[1] 李红娟[1] 高红[1] 何溪 BAI Ruibei;WANG Zhaohui;QI Jing;LONG Lei;LIANG Jing;LI Hongjuan;GAO Hong;HE Xi(Child Health Center,Xi'an Municipal Fourth Hospital,ShaanxiXi'an 710004,China;Xincheng District Maternity and Child Health Family Planning Service Center,Shaanxi Xi'an 710005,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市第四医院儿童保健中心,陕西西安710004 [2]西安市新城区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心,陕西西安710005

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2020年第8期1040-1044,共5页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

基　　金：陕西省科技攻关项目(编号:2018SF-081);西安市科技计划项目[编号:201805098YX6SF32(8)]。

摘　　要：目的调查学龄前儿童行为问题的现状,探讨儿童家庭功能和气质对行为问题的预测作用。方法于2019年10月采取整群随机抽样方法,抽取西安市3所幼儿园300名4~5岁儿童家长进行家庭功能评定量表(FAD)、Conners父母症状问卷(PSQ)以及中国学龄前儿童气质量表(CPTS)的问卷调查,采用多因素逐步线性回归分析家庭功能和气质对行为问题的影响。结果最终回收有效问卷287份,有效回收率95.7%,学龄前儿童多动行为问题的检出率为10.8%,性别上无显著性差异;在学习问题和多动指数方面,4岁儿童得分显著高于5岁儿童得分(t值分别为2.85、2.27,均P<0.05);以多动指数为因变量,最终进入回归方程的显著性变量为气质的反应强度维度、活动水平维度、适应性维度和家庭功能的沟通维度(β值分别为0.322、0.253、0.153、0.156,均P<0.05),四个维度共同解释了多动指数26.2%的变异量。结论学龄前儿童的家庭功能和气质均对行为问题存在一定的影响,家庭成员有效沟通及对儿童气质的适当调控可预防行为问题的发生。Objective To investigate current situation of behavior problems of preschool children and to explore predictive effects of family function and temperament on behavior problems of the children.Methods In stratified cluster random sampling method,300 parents of children aged 4~5 years from 3 kindergartens in Xi’an city were selected to receive questionnaire surveys including The Family Assessment Device(FAD),Parent Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ),and Chinese Preschoolers Temperament Scale(CPTS).And multi-factor stepwise linear regression analysis was conducted to explore effects of family function and temperament on behavior problems of the children.Results 287 valid questionnaires were finally collected with a valid recall rate of 95.7%.The prevalence of hyperactive behavior problems in preschool children was 10.8%,and there was no significant difference between the two genders.In terms of learning problems and hyperactivity index,the scores of 4-year-old children were significantly higher than those of 5-year-old children(t=2.85 and 2.27,respectively,both P<0.05).Taking hyperactivity index as the dependent variable,the significant variables that finally entered into the regression equation were response intensity dimension,activity level dimension,adaptability dimension of temperament and communication dimension of family function(β=0.322,0.253,0.153 and 0.156,respectively,all P<0.05).The four dimensions together explain 26.2% of variation of the hyperactivity index.Conclusion The family function and temperament of the preschool children have a certain impact on their behavior problems.Effective communication among family members and appropriate regulation and control of children’s temperament can prevent occurrence of the behavior problems of the preschool children.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 家庭功能 气质 行为问题 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]