微量量热法预估硝酸酯火药的安全贮存寿命  

Evaluation of Safe Storage Life of Nitrate Propellant with Microcalorimetry

作　　者：周静[1] 丁黎[1] 祝艳龙 安静[1] 黄蒙 ZHOU Jing;DING Li;ZHU Yan-long;AN Jing;HUANG Meng(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2020年第4期437-441,共5页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.21805226,No.21805223)。

摘　　要：以极限热流值为安全贮存寿命判据,用“温度系数”方程作为“时温等效”关系,改进了NATO STANAG 4582标准的外推方程,建立了一种用微量量热技术快速预估硝酸酯火药安全贮存寿命的新方法——“单温度定时热流量热法”,即单一温度下,仅需短周期的一个试验就可以预估硝酸酯火药在特定贮存温度下特定年限的安全贮存寿命,或评估预定贮存期内的热安定性。结果表明,与以安定剂消耗50%为判据的热加速老化法相比,该方法是以模拟大尺寸装药体系在较苛刻环境下贮存不发生热爆炸的极限热流值为安全寿命判据,更符合实际,预估结果更可信,可广泛适用于单基、双基、三基和改性双基等硝酸酯火药安全贮存寿命的评估。该方法为在线检测,无需大药量、大规模的老化试验,相比热加速老化法既安全又更简单快速,可在4.01天内预估硝酸酯火药10年内能否安全贮存。The extrapolation equation of NATO STANAG 4582 standard is improved by taking the limit heat flow value as the criterion of safe storage life and using the“temperature coefficient”equation as the“time—temperature equivalence”relationship.Then a new method of“single temperature timing heat flow thermal method”for fast predicting the safe storage life of nitrate propellant by microcalorimetry is established.That is to say,at a single temperature,only a short period of test is needed to predict the safe storage life of nitrate propellant at a specific storage temperature for a specific period of time,or to evaluate the thermal stability of nitrate propellant during a predetermined storage period.The test results show that this method is widely applicable to the evaluation of nitrate propellants such as single-based propellant,double-based propellant,triple-based propellant and modified double-based propellant.This method is based on the safety life criterion of simulating the limit heat flux of large-scale charge system which does not occur thermal explosion in harsh environment.It is more practical and the predicted results are more credible compared with the thermal accelerated aging method based on 50%stabilizer consumption.In addition,this method is on-line detection,without large-scale aging test,which is safe,simple and fast.This method can be used to predict whether nitrate propellant can be safely stored in 10 years within 4.01 days.

关 键 词：分析化学 微热量热 极限热流值 时温等效 安全贮存寿命 硝酸酯火药 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O65[理学—分析化学]