‘徐香’与‘海沃德’猕猴桃冷藏期间组织结构与生理变化差异  

Differences in Tissue Structure and Physiological Changes of‘Xuxiang’and‘Hayward’Kiwifruit Fruits During Cold Storage

作　　者：高萌 屈魏 冉昪 饶景萍[1] GAO Meng;QU Wei;RAN Bian;RAO Jingping(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《园艺学报》2020年第7期1289-1300,共12页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划专项(2016YFD0400102);陕西省科技统筹重大项目(2018TSCXL-NY-01-05)。

摘　　要：以猕猴桃‘徐香’(较不耐贮藏)和‘海沃德’(耐贮藏)果实为试材,研究其在0℃贮藏期间生理及组织结构的变化差异,从而探究其与耐贮性的关系。结果表明:贮藏期间两品种果肉硬度均不断下将,‘海沃德’果肉硬度降至10N的时间为150d,而‘徐香’仅为95d;‘徐香’的呼吸高峰和乙烯释放高峰的出现分别较‘海沃德’早20 d和10 d,且峰值分别高出16%和250%。贮藏期间‘徐香’果实的质量减少率也显著高于‘海沃德’。在整个贮藏期间,‘海沃德’果实的淀粉、原果胶、纤维素含量均高于‘徐香’,而淀粉酶(AM)、果胶代谢相关酶(多聚半乳糖醛酸酶PG、果胶甲酯酶PE、β–半乳糖苷酶β-Gal)和纤维素酶(Cx)的活性高峰值均低于‘徐香’。‘海沃德’的表皮毛极显著细短于‘徐香’;且角质层厚度及表皮细胞层数都大于‘徐香’;贮藏期间果肉细胞的形变程度‘海沃德’小于‘徐香’;‘海沃德’的细胞壁厚于‘徐香’,且贮藏期间中胶层分裂缓慢,线粒体较完整。总之,耐贮性好的猕猴桃品种角质层和表皮细胞厚,质量减少率较低,呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率慢,细胞壁酶活性低。Two kiwifruit cultivars’Xuxiang’(shorter storage life)and’Hayward’(long storage life),were used to study the changes in physiological and tissue structure during storage at 0℃,so as to explore the internal mechanism of kiwifruit storage ability,and provide information for further selection of excellent cultivars with good storability.The results showed that the firmness of both kiwifruit cultivars decreased continuously,and the time of firmness dropping to 10 N during storage was 150 days and 95 days for’Hayward’and’Xuxiang’,respectively.The peaks of respiratory rate and ethylene release rate on’Xuxiang’appeared 20 days and 10 days earlier than that of’Hayward’,and the peak values were 16%and 250%higher than that of’Hayward’,respectively.The higher weight loss rate was observed on’Xuxiang’as compared with’Hayward’.From the maturity stage to the following storage period,the contents of starch,protopectin and cellulose of’Hayward’were higher than that of’Xuxiang’,while the enzyme peak activities of amylase(AM),pectin(PG,PE,β-Gal)and cellulase(Cx)were lower than that of’Xuxiang’.In terms of fruit tissue structure,the epidermal hair of’Hayward’was significantly shorter than that of’Xuxiang’.Moreover,the thickness of cuticle and the number of epidermal cells were larger than that of’Xuxiang’.The degree of deformation in pulp cells of’Hayward’during storage was less than that of’Xuxiang’.Fruit ultrastructure showed that the cell wall of’Hayward’was thicker than that of’Xuxiang’;in addition,the division speed of cell wall and intercellular layer in’Hayward’was slower as compared with’Xuxiang’.Meanwhile,the mitochondria showed relative structural integrity in’Hayward’.In conclusion,kiwifruit with good storage ability has thick cuticle and epidermal cells,low weight loss rate,slow respiration rate and ethylene release rate,and low cell wall enzyme activity.

关 键 词：猕猴桃 耐贮性 果胶酶 超微结构 组织结构 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]