海南岛文心兰病叶组织真菌的分离鉴定与优势真菌致病性初探  

A Preliminary Study on Identity and Pathogenicity of Common Fungi Associated with Diseased Leaves of Oncidium sp. in Hainan Island

作　　者：郭向阳 高洁 宋希强[1] 凌鹏 周扬[1] 郝代成 黎维诗 丁琼[1] GUO Xiangyang;GAO Jie;SONG Xiqiang;LING Peng;ZHOU Yang;HAO Daicheng;LI Weishi;DING Qiong(Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants(Hainan University),Ministry of Education,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Hainan Boda Orchid Science and Technology Ltd.,Haikou 570100,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室,海口570228 [2]海南博大兰花科技有限公司,海口570100

出　　处：《园艺学报》2020年第7期1369-1382,共14页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ201815);海南省自然科学基金创新团队项目(2018CXTD331)。

摘　　要：从位于海南省海口市的文心兰(Oncidiumsp.)栽培基地的温室采集‘博大1号’植株发病叶片258份,分离纯化培养真菌,采用分子技术鉴定其种类,并回接验证优势真菌的致病性。共分离到119株真菌,划为39个OTU。其中,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)占90%、毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota)占8%,担子菌门(Basidiomycota)占2%。分离到的真菌中有31种对应60%以上的叶片样品真菌高通量序列。最常见的真菌有巨座壳属Muyocopronalcornii、胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichumgloeosporioides、间作壳属Diaporthespp.和弯孢属Curvulariaspp.。所分离到的真菌主要为病原真菌和腐生真菌,在24种病原真菌中,有9种为病原—共生型真菌,5种为病原—腐生—共生型;9种为腐生型,1种为腐生—共生型。回接试验表明,分离频度最高的前10种真菌均能快速侵染文心兰幼苗,使其叶片出现坏死与腐烂;致病性较强且快的有Muyocopron alcornii、胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides、Diaporthe miriciae等,接种后1~2 d即表现出明显的坏死症状。In this study,culturable fungi were isolated from diseased leaves of 258 individual plants of Oncidium sp.’Boda 1’in three multi span plastic film greenhouses in Hainan Island in China.Fungal taxa are identified by analyses of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region(ITS).To test the pathogenicity of the common fungi,the ten most frequently occurring fungal species were inoculated into the aseptic seedlings.One hundred and nineteen strains belonging to 39 OTUs were isolated.The fungal lineage is highly diverse,involving Ascomycota(90%),Mucoromycota(8%),and Basidiomycota(2%).The isolation was thorough enough to catch 31 common fungal species which contributed 60%seqeuence reads in next generation sequncing.The fungi isolated from the diseased leaves were mainly pathogenic and saprophytic fungi,while the symbiotic fungi were rare.Of the 25 pathogenic fungi,9 species were also reported as symbiotroph,and 6 species as saprotroph-symbiotroph;Nine and one species were reported as saprotroph and saprotroph-symbiotroph,respectively;Trophic mode of the remaining 4 fungal species are unknown.The pathogenicity of top 10 dominant fungi was confirmed by inoculation of aseptic seedling.The most aggressive fungi are Muyocopron alcornii,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Diaporthe miriciae that produced distinct symptoms on inoculated seedling one or two days after inoculation.

关 键 词：文心兰 真菌病害 谱系 营养型 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]