从岛陆到洋面:明清时期中朝对黄海北部海界认知及演进  

From Island Land to Ocean and Evolution of Ocean Boundary in Northern Yellow Sea during Ming and Qing Dynasty

作　　者：高志超 Gao Zhichao(College of History and Culture,Bohai University,Jinzhou,121000)

机构地区：[1]渤海大学历史文化学院,辽宁锦州121000

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2020年第3期21-36,共16页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社科基金年度项目“清前中期东北海疆史研究(1616-1820)”(18BZS120)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明清时期中朝官民在黄海北部海域日益频繁的海洋活动,使双方对该海域的海界有了日渐明晰的认知。十九世纪中叶以前,无论是志书亦或航海官员,中朝双方的这一认知均主要集中于黄海北部海域"岛陆"的归属上。为保障岛屿安全进行的水师巡洋和由此形成的内海、外洋的区分,使洋面界域有了模糊认知,但相较"岛陆",该海域"水空间"部分仍保持"公共水资源"属性。近代以来随着中朝海疆危机的加深和海洋资源依赖性的增强,洋面归属问题提上日程。在此背景下,双方据《万国公法》将领海从"公共水资源"中剥离出来,并以《中朝商民水陆通商章程》作为对方渔民在各自领海从事渔业活动的行为规范。the Ming and Qing frequent maritime activities of the officials and people of China and Joseon Dynasty in the northern waters of the Yellow Sea resulted in the increasingly clear recognition of the maritime boundary between the mid-nineteenth two sides paid attention to the ownership of"island land",wether in the records or in the navigation officials.In order to ensure the safety of islands,naval patrols and the division of inland and overseas waters have made the boundaries of"ocean surface"vague,but the"water space"of the sea area still maintains the attribute of"public water resources".Since modern times,with the deepening of the Sino-Korean border crisis and the increasing dependence on marine resources,the issue of"sea surface"attribution has been put on the agenda.According to the"Public Law of Nations",the territorial sea is separated from"public water resources",and the"Charter of Merchants of China and Korea on Land and Water"is taken as the behavior norm of fishermen of the other side from fishing activities in their territorial waters.

关 键 词：黄海 岛屿归属 海界 《万国公法》 

分 类 号：K978[历史地理—人文地理学]