洱海流域稻油轮作农田土壤水解酶活性特征  

Activity Characteristics of Soil Hydrolase in Rape-Rice Rotations Farmland of the Erhai River Basin

作　　者：张庆[1,3] 付斌 李铭刚[2] 吴翔[4] 何翔[1,3] 邹雪峰 施竹凤 倪明 朱红业[1] 胡万里[1] 杨佩文[1] ZHANG Qing;FU Bin;LI Minggang;WU Xiang;HE Xiang;ZOU Xuefeng;SHI Zhufeng;NI Ming;ZHU Hongye;HU Wanli;YANG Peiwen(Institute of Agricultural Environmental Resource,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;School of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650091,China;Yunnan University,Kunming 650201,China;Soil Fertilizer Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]云南大学,云南昆明650091 [3]云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明650201 [4]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,四川成都610066

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2020年第2期1-7,共7页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31663600,31760019);农业农村部西南山地农业环境重点实验室开放基金(AESMA-OPP-2019001)。

摘　　要：土壤酶是驱动土壤碳氮素转化的重要生物因素。该研究在滇西洱海流域油菜-水稻水旱轮作农田设置5个处理(1个不施肥对照,1个施化肥对照,3个有机物料配施化肥处理)的长期定位试验,考察土壤碳氮水解酶活性特征及有机碳源物料施用条件下土壤碳氮水解酶活性动态变化特征,结合Pearson相关性分析和RDA冗余分析,解析土壤酶活性对有机碳输入的响应特征。结果表明,单施化肥处理对β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(GC)活性的影响不显著(P≥0.05),但显著提高β-1,4-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)活性(P<0.05);有机碳源物料配施化肥各处理则均显著提高2种土壤碳氮水解酶活性(P<0.05)。GC酶和NAG酶的活性与土壤有机质(OM)和全氮(TN)含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤GC和NAG酶活性均与土壤碳氮比(C/N)极显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤OM和TN对碳氮水解酶活性影响的解释度最高。基于酶活性和土壤养分及碳氮比关系分析,需要施用适宜C/N的有机碳源配施氮肥,通过调控GC酶和NAG酶活性,提高土壤碳氮转化速率,从而维持土壤C/N在适宜范围。Soil enzymes are important biological factors driving soil carbon and nitrogen conversion.In this study,long-term tests with 5 treatments(1 no-fertilizer application,1 fertilizers usage and 3 organic material input combined with fertilizer)were set up in rape-rice rotations farmland in the Erhai River basin.The characteristics of soil carbon and nitrogen hydrolytic functional enzyme activity and their changes under the application of organic carbon source materials were investigated.The response characteristics of soil enzyme activity to organic carbon input were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis(RDA).Results showed that pure application of chemical fertilizer had no significant effect on the activity ofβ-1,4-glucosidase(GC)(P≥0.05),but significantly increased theβ-1,4-N-acetyl glucosidase activity(NAG)(P<0.05).The activity of GC and NAG was significantly increased in each treatment of organic carbon source with chemical fertilizer(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the activities of GC and NAG and the contents of organic matter and total nitrogen,a significant positive correlation between the activities of GC and C/N(P<0.01)and a significant positive correlation between the activities of NAG and C/N(P<0.05).The effect of soil OM and TN on the activity of hydrolase was the most explicable.By analyzing soil carbon and nitrogen codependency,it was concluded that applying suitable C/N organic carbon source with nitrogen fertilizer is necessary,and regulating the activity of GC enzyme and NAG enzyme to adjust the rate of soil carbon and nitrogen conversion,could maintain the soil C/N at an appropriate range.

关 键 词：高碳储量土壤 碳氮共济 β-1 4-葡萄糖苷酶(GC) β-1 4-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG) 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]