动车所小半径曲线脱轨安全性研究  

Study on The Wheel Climb Derailment on Steep Curves

作　　者：侯茂锐 秦娟兰 HOU Maorui;QIN Juanlan(Railway Science and Technology Research and Development Center,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing100081,China;Hubei Vocational College of Railway Transportation,Wuhan 430064 Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道科学技术研究发展中心,北京100081 [2]湖北铁道运输职业学院,武汉430064

出　　处：《铁道机车车辆》2020年第4期39-46,共8页Railway Locomotive & Car

基　　金：中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划(2017J003-B,Z2015-G002)。

摘　　要：车辆以较低的速度通过小半径曲线时常会发生脱轨事故,为了研究动车组在动车所内小半径曲线脱轨的特性,应用多体动力学软件建立了8辆编组的CRH5型动车组仿真模型,考虑了悬挂参数和车钩缓冲装置的非线性特性。在某动车所半径250 m的曲线进行了仿真模型的验证试验,应用MiniProf钢轨廓形仪和轨道几何状态测试手推车分别测试了钢轨磨耗和线路的轨道几何状态,将其作为仿真模型的输入参数;在钢轨轨腰粘贴应变片,利用应变片测试原理进行地面轮轨垂直力和水平力测试,应用现场测试数据对仿真模型进行验证,发现计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。应用该仿真模型分析了曲线连续正矢差、轨道几何状态及轮轨型面对车辆脱轨的影响,结果表明:(1)曲线连续正矢差对脱轨系数和横向力影响较大,对轮重减载率影响较小;(2)新车轮与磨耗钢轨接触时的脱轨系数增大约40%;(3)较大的轨道高低不平顺容易引发车辆爬轨脱轨,应严格控制小半径曲线外股的高低偏差;(4)对于CRH5型动车组,由于5车质量较轻,5车的车轮抬升量较其他车增大约35%,使得通过曲线的脱轨安全裕度减小。Wheel climb derailment sometimes occurs when a train passes through a steep curve on a railway track at low speeds.In this paper,the derailment simulations of a high-speed train on steep curves are conducted using the UM multi-body dynamics software package.The high-speed train which is comprised of eight passenger cars is established the model using a multi-body dynamics approach which fully takes into account the non-linear characters of wheel-rail contact,suspension parameters and buffer.The vertical and lateral wheel-rail contact force is measured using a strain gauge based wheel impact load detector a curve radii 300 meters.Strain gauges are positioned on rails to measure the track response.The rail profiles are measured using MINIPROF and track geometry irregularities are measured using instrument.The measured results of wheel-rail forces,rail profile and track irregularities that have been undertaken to validate the dynamic simulation model of the vehicle.Results show that the simulation results agree well with field test,so the simulation model can be used to output dynamic wheel unloading,wheel L/V,wheel rise and lateral wheelset force.Analysis of the derailment risk difference in curve twist,track irregularities and rail wear.Results show that the track twist have great impacts on wheel L/V and lateral wheelset force.The wear rail profile is found to exhibit a 40%increase in wheel L/V compared with the new rail profile.The vertical track irregularities are easy to increase wheel climb derailment on the steep curves,so the maintenance department should strictly control the quality of track geometry.For a fifth car due to lighter weight than other cars,there is a great risk that this is sufficient to lift the outer wheels off the rail,leading to derailment.

关 键 词：铁路 小半径曲线 脱轨安全性 曲线正矢 车轮抬升量 

分 类 号：U260.11[机械工程—车辆工程]