大型空间碎片机械冲击消旋位姿计算方法研究  

Research on Calculation Method of Mechanical Impact Position and Posture of Large Space Debris

作　　者：张德轩 秦晓刚[2] 杨生胜[2] 侯玮杰 马睿 张慧博[1] 戴士杰[1] Zhang Dexuan;Qin Xiaogang;Yang Shengsheng;Hou Weijie;Ma Rui;Zhang Huibo;Dai Shijie(School of mechanical engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300130,China;Lanzhou Institute of Physics,CAST,Lanzhou,730000,China;Tianjin acrospace electromechanical equipment reserch institute,Tianjin,300458,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学机械工程学院,天津300130 [2]兰州空间技术物理研究所真空低温技术与物理重点实验室,兰州730000 [3]天津市微低重力环境模拟技术重点实验室,天津航天机电设备研究所,天津300458

出　　处：《航天控制》2020年第4期56-62,73,共8页Aerospace Control

基　　金：空间智能控制技术重点实验室开放基金(ZDSYS-2017-08);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(BJ2019049);河北省自然科学基金青年科学基金(E2019202132);天津市自然科学基金(18JCTPJC5700)。

摘　　要：研究了机械冲击消旋的作用机理,针对大型空间碎片的消旋问题,提出了机械冲击消旋位姿的计算方法。在空间碎片运动状态已知的情况下,基于矢量合成方法在空间碎片表面上搜寻合适的冲击位置。建立空间碎片机械冲击主动消旋的运动学模型,计算空间碎片不同位姿状态的冲击位姿,并分析冲击后的角动量变化规律。结果表明,在冲击点满足形成力偶矩的条件下,多点机械冲击可有效减小空间碎片的角动量。研究成果对于发展机械冲击主动消旋方法,提高大型空间碎片捕获效率具有重要意义。The mechanism of mechanical impact racemization is studied. A method for calculating the position and attitude of mechanical impact is proposed to solve the racemization problem of large space debris.According to the characteristics of mechanical impact active raceway,a calculation method of impact posture is proposed in this paper. In the case of the motion of space debris known,the appropriate impact location is searched on the surface of space debris based on vector synthesis method. The dynamic model of active spinning of space debris mechanical impact is established,the impact posture of space debris in different posture states is calculated,and the angular momentum change rule after impact is analyzed. The results show that the angular momentum of space debris can be effectively reduced by multi-point mechanical impact at the appropriate location. The research results are of great significance for the development of the active racemization method of mechanical impact and the improvement of the capture efficiency of large space debris.

关 键 词：空间碎片 主动消旋 机械冲击 冲击位姿 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]